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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Range
Range= Highest score - Lowest Score
Interval Width
i = Range/ number of class intervals
(When there is a decimal round to the same number place in the raw scores.)
Listing Intervals
1. Lower limit interval must contain the lowest score
2. Lower limit must be divisible by i.
Summing into frequencies
After tallying each score convert tally marks into frequencies. Add to find the frequencies.
Relative Frequency Distribution
indicates the proportion of the total number of scores that occur in each interval. To figure,
Relative f = f / N
Cumulative Frequency Distribution
indicates the number of scores that fall below the upper real limit (URL) of each interval. Good for finding percentiles and percentile ranks
Cumulative Percentage Distribution
indicates the percentage of scores that fall below the upper real limit of each interval.
cum% = cum f / N x 100
Percentile or Percentile Point
the value on the measurement scale below which a specified percentage of the scores in the distribution fall. Ex. 60th percentile point is the value on the measurement scale below which 60% of the scores in distribution fall.
Equation for finding Percentile Point
Percentile Point = Xlrl + (# interval units divided by # of interval scores)(cum f % minus cum freq lower real limit)
Percentile Rank
percentage of scores with values lower than the score in question or the % rank of a raw score
Percentile Rank = cum fl + (fi / i) (X - Xl) / N x 100
Horizontal Axis
1. Horizontal axis is the abscissa, or X axis
2. Independent variable is plotted on X axis
3. Scores from Frequency Distribution are plotted on X
Verticle Axis
1. Vertical axis is called ordinate or Y axis,
2. Dependent variable is plotted on Y axis
3. Frequency of score values plotted on Y axis
Bar Graph
1. Used to record Nominal and ordinal data
Histogram
1. Used to represent frequency distributions composed of interval or ratio
2. Height of bar corresponds to class interval
3. Intervals are continuous the verticle bars must touch
Frequency Polygon
1. Represents interval or ratio data.
2. Points instead of bars are used and connected with lines.
3. displays scores as though concentrated at the midpoint of interval.
Symmetrical
A curve is symmetrical if when folded in half the two sides coincide
Skewed
When a curve is not symmetrical.
Positively Skewed
most of the scores occur at the lower values of the horizontal axis and the curve tails off toward the higher end
Negatively Skewed
most of the scores occur at the higher values of the horizontal axis and the curve tails off toward the lower end
Stem and Leaf Diagram
1. Alternative to histograms when describing and summarizing data with less than 100 scores
2. Does not lose any of the original data