Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Deduction: |
develop a theory, define a hypothesis, test it by research data |
|
|
Induction: |
Collect data, build up observations, formulate ideas and testable hypothesis, repeat to see if hypothesis valid |
|
|
Qualitative data: + examples |
Description, indepth studies (finding out how and why) Observation, indepth interview, focus group, case study, narrative |
|
|
Quantitative: + examples |
Large numbers, analysed by statistics Surveys, RCT Answers the question "how many?" |
|
|
Define the research process: 6 steps |
Define research problem (hypothesis) Develop approach (methods) Design study Data gathering Data entry and Analysis Interpretation of results and report |
|
|
Method used for RCTs? Quantitative or Qualitative? |
Quantitative |
|
|
Validity of a study: |
Internal: study design (am I measuring what I think I am measuring?) External: Can these results be generalised? |
|
|
Replicability |
Can someone else replicate the study? |
|
|
Reliability: |
an experiment is reliable if they can be repeated under the same conditions and the same results come back |
|
|
Bias: |
A deliberate attempt to conceal or highlight something. affects interpretation |
|
|
What does being objective mean? |
not affected by prior opinions or knowledge. Not being prejudiced in your approach |
|
|
7 ways of creating bad research: |
Pointless or unanswerable question Inappropriate method Bad design Inappropriate analysis Biased interpretation not publishing certain results
|
|
|
5 possible ethical issues: |
Professional integrity of researcher Relations with, and responsibility to participants Informed consent: willing and AWARE Relation with and responsibility to sponsors Privileged information: political or social impact of report of findings |
|
|
Why do we use a null hypothesis |
Because you can never prove anything, you can only disprove something. |
|
|
What is a variable? |
any characteristic that can assume multiple values or can vary an event or condition the researcher observes or measures variables must be operational (explicitly stated)
|
|
|
Constructs:
What is the construct for "Combination therapy has improved efficacy over monotherapy" |
defined by theoretical definitions
- Efficacy: a drug's capacity to produce an effect
|
|
|
Variables:
What is the variable for "Combination therapy has improved efficacy over monotherapy" |
defined by operational definitions
-Patients on combination therapy will have longer overall survival and progression-free survival |
|
|
how do we place constructs and variables in the context of research? |
We measure variables
We try to draw conclusions about the construct using the measurements of the variables |
