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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Concept and measure of uncertainty from 0 (unlikely occurance) to 1 or 100% (likely occurance)
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Theory of Probability
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Process of obtaining observations
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Experiment
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One or more outcomes
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Event
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COUNTING METHODS
Identifyin the number of events |
Basic counting rule (M x N)
Ex: The total number of desks, when there are 24 desks per classroom and 8 class rooms. M x N = 24 desks x 8 classrooms = 192 desks |
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COUNTING METHODS
The number of ways objects can be oranged. |
Factorial (note in factorial the number and the ways must be the same )
Ex; The number of ways 8 students can sit in 8 desks n!; 8! = 8x7x6x5x4x3x2x1 = 40320 ways |
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COUTING METHODS
The ordered arrangments of objects |
Perumtation
Ex: the number of ways 8 students can be placed into desks 2 desks at a time. n = number of distinct ojbects; r = number of arrangments nPr = 8P2 = n! = 8! ------ ------ (n-r)! (8-2)! = 8x7x6x5x4x3x2x1 ------------------- 6x5x4x3x2x1 = 56 arrangments |
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COUTING METHODS
The number of arrangments without regard to the order they are in. |
Combination
Ex: The number of ways 8 students can be placed into 2 desks and order doesn't matter nCr = n! 8! ------ = ------- r!(n-r)! 2!(8-2)! = 8x7x6x5x4x3x2x1 ---------------------- (2x1)(6x5x4x3x2x1) = 28 arrangments |
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Analyzing data before conducting the experiment
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A priori
(outcomes that have the same or equal probability of occurance) |
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Analyzing data after conducting the experiment
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A posteriori
(due to repeated past data the relative frequency is used for the probability of the event) |
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Probabilty assigned to an event based on a person's judgement
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Subjective
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Two or more events cannot occur at the same time
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Mutually exclusive
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The probability of one event's occurence has no bearing on the outcome of the probability of another event's occurrence
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Independent
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The probability of the favorable outcomes compared to all outcomes. There are no restrictions
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Unconditional
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The probablitity of an outcome given a contion, divided by that condition. A restriction is placed on the outcome
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Conditional
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The addition of the probablitity that two events occur indivudally, minus the joint probability
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Addition
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Z= X - u
------- o' |
Normal Distribution formula for Z
Z= # of standard deviations (note there is also a Z table after you find Z) |
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x n-x
P(X) = n! (p ) (q ) ------------------ x! (n-x)! |
Binomial Distribution formula for finding X
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