Statistics Chapter 1 Vocab

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Statistics

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is the science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data in order to make decisions.

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Population

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is the collection of all outcomes, responses, measurements, or counts that are of interest.

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Sample

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is the subset of a population

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Parameter

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is a numerical description of a population characteristic.

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Stat

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a numerical description of a sample characteristic.

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Descriptive stat

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is the branch of stats that involves the organization, summarization, and display of data.

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Inferential stat

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is the branch of stats that involves using a sample to draw conclusions about a population. A basic tool in the study of inferential stats is probability.

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Qualitative data

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consist of attributes, labels, or nonnumerical entries.

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Quantitative data

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consist of numerical measurements or counts.

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Nominal level of measurement

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are qualitative only. Data at this level are categorized using names, labels, or qualities. No mathematical computations can be made at this level.

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Ordinal level of measurement

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are qualitative or quantitative. Data at this level can be arranged in order, but differences between data entries are not meaningful.

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Interval level of measurement

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are quantitative. The data can be ordered, and you can calculate meaningful differences between data entries. At the interval level, a zero entry simply represents a position on a scale; the entry is not an inherent zero.

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Ratio level of measurement

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are similar to data at the interval level, with the added property that a zero entry is an inherent zero. A ratio of two data values can be formed so one data value can be expressed as a multiple of another.

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Random sample

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is one in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

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Simple Random Sample

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is a sample in which every possible sample of the same size has the same chance of being selected.

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Stratified sample

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is important for the sample to have members from each segment of the population

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Cluster sample

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When the population falls into naturally occurring subgroups, each having similar characteristics.

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Systematic Sample

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is a sample in which each member of the population is assigned a number.

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Convenience sample

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consists only on avaliable members of the population.

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4 different ways of collecting data

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Experiment, Simulation, Census, and Sampling