Quiz 1 Info For Motor Speech- Spastic Dysarthria

Front 1

what is spastic dysarthria?

Back 1

a type of speech disorder resulting from bilateral damage to UMN

Front 2

Spastic Dysarthria results in (3)

Back 2

stiff muscles moving sluggishly through a limited range (a lot of resistance)

slow and labored speech (similar to flaccid)

Prolonged words

Front 3

UMNs are part of the...
originate in the...and the...
are grouped into the...system and the... system

Back 3

- are part of the CNS
- originate in the cortex and brainstem
- are grouped into the pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems

Front 4

spasitc dysarthria is caused by bilateral damage to both the...and the... neural pathways

Back 4

pyramidal and extrapyramidal

Front 5

UMNs of the pyramidal system originate in the....

course down to the....which then innervate the muscles

Back 5

originate in the motro areas of hte cortex

course down tot he LMNs

Front 6

UMN pyramidal tracts are divided into

Back 6

corticobulbar tract and corticospinal tract

Front 7

UMNs of the pyramidal system are responsible for

Back 7

transmitting neural impulses for discrete skilled movements to the LMNs

Front 8

Damage to the UMNs of the pyramidal system results in (2)

Back 8

weakness
slowness of the speech musculatrue (discrete skilled movement)

Front 9

the UMNs of the extrapyramidal system originate in the ....and the...

Back 9

cortex and brainstem (more)

Front 10

the extrapyramidal system has how many interconnections thorughout the brain?

Back 10

numerous

Front 11

UMNs of the extrapyramidal system eventually synapse with the LMNs of the

Back 11

cranial and spinal nerves

Front 12

Damage to the extrapyramidal system can result in(3)

Back 12

- weakness
- increased muscle tone
- abnormal muscle reflexes

Front 13

most salient features of disordered movement in bilateral UMN lesions:

Back 13

- spasticity (indirect)
- abnormal reflexes (indirect)
- weakness (direct and indirect)
- slowness of movement (direct) (most obvious in tongue movement)

Front 14

Nurological Basis: To have spastic dysarthria, what three factors need to be in place?

Back 14

-damage to UMN
- bilateral damage
- both the extrapyramidal and pyramidal tracts will be affected

(if damage is only unilateral, the result is UUMN dysarthria)

Front 15

what are 6 possible etiologies of spastic dysarthria?

Back 15

- Stroke
- ALS
- TBI
- MS
- Brainstem tumor
- cerebral anoxia

Front 16

what is the most common cause of spastic dysarthria?

Back 16

stroke

Front 17

since the definition of spastic dysarthria is bilateral damage...where does the stroke need to occur (2)

Back 17

- brainstem
- two strokes in the cerebral hemisphere (not as likely)

Front 18

ALS results in progressive degeneration of the

Back 18

umns and lmns

Front 19

after onset of ALS average life expectancy is

Back 19

22 months

Front 20

How does the course of ALS vary across individuals (3)

Back 20

- some first present with LMN involvement ex: flaccid dysarthria, atrophy
- others primarily have UMN invovement ex. spastic dysarthria, hyperactive gag reflex and jaw reflexes
- eventually both UMNs and LMNs are affected resulting in a MIxed dysarthria

Front 21

TBI can cause bilateral damage to the pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems due to (2)

Back 21

- widespread damage to cortical, subcortical, and brainstem structures
- damage can be extensive due to brain shifting in the cranium causing damage to axons, braintissue, and hemorrhaging

Front 22

people with TBI are likely to exhibit ......... as well as spastic dysarthria

Back 22

mixed dysarthria

Front 23

what is MS

Back 23

immunologic disorder resulting in inflammation or complete destruction of hte myelin covering the axons

Front 24

MS can result in spastic dysarthria because

Back 24

is can affect myelin anywhere in the CNS

NOT OFTEN TO CAUSE SP DYS

Front 25

what is cerebral anoxia and what is it capable of?

Back 25

it is when you dont' breath for a while

capabel of widespread neural damage extending to the UMNs bilaterally

Front 26

Articulation characteristics of person with Spastic dysarthria

Back 26

see packet

Front 27

what are the three characteristics of phonation with person with spas. dys.

Back 27

-harsh vocal quality (friction of air quality)
- strainted-strangled vocal quality
- low pitch

Front 28

what ist he harsh vocal quality caused by?

Back 28

cause by purposeful partial abduction of VFs. by keeping VFs partially abducted, the spa patient is able to prevent the spastic muscle tone from closing the glottis too tightly

Front 29

whta is strained-strangled vocal quality characterized by?.....due to??

Back 29

-characterized by subglottic air being forced throug a tight contriction
- due to spasticity of the laryngeal muscles

Front 30

describe the resonance of person with spa dys.

what has reduced range of movement resulting in...

as noticable as flaccid?

nasal emission?

Back 30

velar movement was slow with a reduced range of movement

resulting in hypernasality
- however, not as noticable as in flaccid
- no nasal emission

Front 31

what are the four characteristics of prosody in spa dys?

Back 31

- monopitch intonation in connected speech
- monoloudness
- short phrases
- slow rate

Front 32

monopitch intonation in connected speech is caused by

Back 32

overall spasticity of the laryngeal muscles: VFs have reduced ability to contract and relax

Front 33

monoloudness:

Back 33

also due to spasticity of the laryngeal muscles, thus, diff controling/ regulating subglottic pressure for loudness

Front 34

short phrases:

Back 34

natural sequence of an abnormally tight larynx

Front 35

slow rate of speech is due to

Back 35

reduced speed and ROM (range of movement) of the articulators

Front 36

what are two non-speech (contirmatory signs) of spas dys?

Back 36

- pseudobulbar affect
- drooling

Front 37

what are two characteristics of pseudobulbar affect/

Back 37

- uncontrollable crying or laughing due to damage of areas needed for inhibiting emotions
- emotion displayed can be independent of emotions felt.

Front 38

are pharmaceutical therapies effective?

Back 38

nobeen very effective, but patient's recovery progress may be of benefit

Front 39

regularity of occurance with this disorder?

Back 39

not all patients with spas dys disply this affect, but it occurs more frequently in this type of dysarthria than with others

Front 40

drooling can occur in other dysarthrias....but most predominant in

Back 40

spastic dysarthria

Front 41

due to impairment of.....

Back 41

oral control of saliva and less frequent swallowing

Front 42

can drooling be treated?

Back 42

yes, with cueing to swallow as well as pharmaceutical treatments

Front 43

2 other confirmatory signs of spastic dysarthria

what will some deny??

Back 43

dysphagia, chewing is more effortful, some patients will deny difficulty with swallowing and chewing.