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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CONSCIOUSNESS
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- awareness of cognitive processes
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WAKING CONSCIOUSNESS
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- all cognitive processes that take place while awake
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ALTERED STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS
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- detatched from external environment
- can be induced by drugs, meditation... |
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WILLIAM JAMES
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- consciousness is a kaldeiscope that transforms info into continous stream
- thalamus sends messages to the cerebral cortex as it scans @ 40X per second |
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SIGMEUND FREUD
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- tip of iceberg theory
- consciousness is a small part of the mass of non conscious activity |
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NONCONSCIOUSNESS
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- used to describe sensations, perceptions,etc.thatwe do not pay attention to
- includes automatic actions |
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DAYDREAMS
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- come in at waves of 90 min, 1/2 of all waking hours
- escape from external world |
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CIRCADIAN RYTHMS
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- adaption to 24 hr light and dark cycle
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SUPERCHASMIC NUCLEUS
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- tiny cluster of neurons in hypothalamus
- governs biological clock - gets cues about circadian rythms from retina |
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SLEEP CYCLE
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- use EEG brain waves to determine the stages of sleep
- 90 min each 1-2-3-4-3-2-REM-2-3-4-3-2-REM |
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1- TWILIGHT PHASE
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- alpha waves
- dont respond to stimuli that you would in waking consciousness |
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2- STAGE 1
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- eyes move from side to side
- easily awakened - breif theta waves - 5% of night |
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3- STAGE 2
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- have sleep spindles: short rythmic bursts of activity
- 50% of night |
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4- STAGE 3
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- delta waves (20% of waves are delat @ this point)
- part of "slow wave sleep" |
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5- STAGE 4
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- also has delat waves (50% of waves are delta)
- thrid and fourth stages make up 20% of night |
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REM SLEEP
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- rapid eye movement
- voluntary muscles paralyzed - most dreams occur in this stage - younger gets more REM |
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NON- REM SLEEP
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- stages that alternate w/ REM sleep (happens about 4 to 5 times)
- dreams take place here as well |
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SLEEP WALKING
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- happens in stage 4
- 20% of all kids - boys more likely |
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NIGHT TERRORS AND NIGHTMARES
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- stages 3and 4 of Non REM
- frightening dreams you can't remember - nightmares are in REM and you can remember them |
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INSOMNIA
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- difficulty falling or staying asleep
- can be caused by stress, underlying problems, overaroused biological system, or bad sleep habits |
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APNEA
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- breathing difficulties and snoring at night
- Carbon dioxide levels rise - wake up just short of waking consciousness |
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NARCOLEPSY
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- ppl nod off during waking consciousnes
- emotion brings on muscle paralysis |
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PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS
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- chem substances that change people's moods, behavior, etc.
- today are more recreational and used in social settings - effect neurotransmitters as dopamine levels go up |
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SUBSTANCE ABUSE
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- pattern of substance abuse that diminishes ability to function properly during waking consciousness
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SUBSTANCE DEPENDENCE
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- convulsiveuse of substances
- leads to tolerance (more needed to produce same effect) and withdrawl symptoms |
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CATEGORIES OF SUBSTANCES
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1- depressants- have sedative effect on CNS
2- stimulants- increase activity of CNS 3- hallucinogens- disotrt perception of reality 4- narcotics- pain killers derived from the OPIUM poppy (medical use) |
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DEPRESSANTS
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- includes alcohol moderate dependence, barbiturates (Rx sedatives)high depndence, and benzodiazepines (minor tranquilizers)
- delerium tremens from alcohol (bad feelings after withdrawl) - everythings slows down |
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NARCOTICS
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- Heroin- 10X more potent than morphine, pleasure rush, damge to many systems (endocrine, chromosomal and reproductive structures)
- morphine- used by physicians in pain control, body produces less endorphins - codeine - WITHDRAWL: chills, sweating, cramps... |
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STIMULANTS
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- Amphetamines- speed, 2-4 hour high, suppress appetite, have "crashes"- days of sleeping
- Cocaine-1-2 hr high, freebasing, speed balling, etc. - caffeine/Nicotine- miantain alertness,increase in anxiety and speed of tasks -none have physiological addiction except for nicotine |
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HALLUCINOGENS
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- LCD (ACID)- terrifying hallucinations, flashbacks
- MDMA (ECSTASY)(PCP)- brain damage, psychological addiction - MARIJUANA- memory deficits, personality changes, pronlems with sleep, decreased motivation - all alter moods, vivid colors, time distortion, shapes change, distance perception altered - synesthesia |
