Chapter 3: "consciousness And The Two-Track Mind" - Psychology, Myers 9Th Edition

Front 1

consciousness

Back 1

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Front 2

cognitive neuroscience

Back 2

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition.

(perception, thinking, memory, language)

Front 3

dual processing

Back 3

the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks.

Front 4

selective attention

Back 4

the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.

Front 5

inattentional blindness

Back 5

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.

Front 6

change blindness

Back 6

failing to notice changes in the environment

Front 7

circadian rhythm

Back 7

regular bodily rhythms (temperature, wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.

"the biological clock"

Front 8

REM sleep

Back 8

rapid eye movement sleep

a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur.

(aka paradoxical sleep)

Front 9

alpha waves

Back 9

relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

Front 10

sleep

Back 10

periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness.

(distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, anesthesia or hibernation)

Front 11

hallucinations

Back 11

false sensory experiences - seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

Front 12

delta waves

Back 12

large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.

Front 13

insomnia

Back 13

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.

Front 14

narcolepsy

Back 14

sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks.

Front 15

sleep apnea

Back 15

sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations (stopping) of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.

Front 16

night terrors

Back 16

sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified.

Seldom remembered.

Front 17

dream

Back 17

a sequence of images, emotions and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind.

Front 18

manifest content

Back 18

the remembered story line of a dream, according to Freud.

Front 19

latent content

Back 19

the underlying meaning of a dream, according to Freud.

Front 20

REM rebound

Back 20

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)

Front 21

hypnosis

Back 21

a social interaction in which one person (charge) suggests to another (subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

Front 22

posthypnotic suggestion

Back 22

a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized.

(used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors)

Front 23

dissociation

Back 23

a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.

Front 24

psychoactive drug

Back 24

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.

Front 25

tolerance

Back 25

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect.

Front 26

withdrawal

Back 26

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.

Front 27

physical dependence

Back 27

a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.

Front 28

psychological dependence

Back 28

a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.

Front 29

addiction

Back 29

compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences.

Front 30

depressants

Back 30

drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.

(alcohol, barbiturates, opiates)

Front 31

barbiturates

Back 31

drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system (CNS), reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment.

Front 32

opiates

Back 32

depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.

(opium, morphine, heroin)

Front 33

stimulants

Back 33

drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

(amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy)

Front 34

amphetamines

Back 34

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.

Front 35

methamphetamines

Back 35

powerfully addictive drug that stimulate the central nervous system (CNS) with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.

Over time, reduces baseline dopamine levels.

Front 36

Ecstasy

Back 36

(MDMA) a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with health risks to serotonin-producing neurons, mood and cognition.

Front 37

hallucinogens

Back 37

psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.

"Mind manifesting;"

Front 38

LSD

Back 38

a powerful hallucinogenic drug.

(lysergic acid diethylamide)

Front 39

THC

Back 39

the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects including mild hallucinations.

(delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol)

Front 40

near-death experience

Back 40

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death.

Similar to drug-induced hallucinations.