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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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factories of elements
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stars
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sun makes what element
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carbon
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what size is sun
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small to medium star
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Blue Giant star can make what element
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iron
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small to medium stars can make
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carbon
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the energy output from the star
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luminosity
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why do blue and white super novas die quickly
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generates more energy per second and thus has a higher luminosity than other stars
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How bright a star is
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Magnitude-
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what affects brightness of star
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size, energy output, type and distance from Earth
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Apparent Magnitude of Sirius
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-1.47
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How bright stars would appear if they were all the same distance from the Earth
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Absolute Magnitude-
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does every star system have planets
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no but it is common
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larger stars make
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more elements and heavier elements
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composed of two stars which are locked in orbit around each other.
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binaries
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what percentage of stars are binaries
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over 50%
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using the different spectra patterns from the two stars to distinguish the fact that there is two stars
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Spectroscopically
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how to detect binary stars
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1)telescope
2)spectroscopically 3)watching eclipse |
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one star moves in front and besides an other star
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eclipse
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do stars pulsate regularly
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yes
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Expand and contract with strong regular movements
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pulsate
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places where many new stars are being born
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Stellar nurseries-
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Huge clouds of dust and gas; STELLAR NURSERIES
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NEBULAE
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name some nebulas
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1)Triffid, 2)Eagle, 3)Horse head, 4)Crab, 5)Orion’s
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measure of its brightness as seen by an observer on Earth,
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APPARENT MAGNITUDE
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Shows the distribution of stars
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hertzsprung-Russell diagram
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Main sequence (placement)of HR Diagram
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upper left to lower right corner and shows the stars in the main part of their life
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during the main part of their life, stars fuse hydrogen to helium
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true
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after stars qut fusing/bonding hydrogen and helium where do they move on chart
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moves up to the right side of the chart, becoming a red giant
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which stars move higher to the right
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those that use all their helium and live on carbon and silicon
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Just after all the hydrogen has been fused and the star starts to collapse it gives forth a burst of energy
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“Helium Flash”
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stars which are unstable and pulsate and grow and shrink
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variable stars
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name some variable stars
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lyrae and cephaid
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when a star dies it becomes a
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black hole or black dwarf or neutron star
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Hertzsprung Russel Diagram
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1)main life..center of diagram
2)uses gases....top right 3)uses carbon silicon..higher top right 4)variable star...top center 5)white dwarf...loer left 6) black hole |
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when you are a star...SIZE matters
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when you are a star...SIZE matters
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baby star
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nebula
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size of star depends on 3 things
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1)density of nebula, i
2) angular momentum (how much it’s spinning), and 3)are planets being formed the same time |
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most common for nebulas
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fusion process
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with stars fusion process, hydrogen changes to ....
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helium
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with stars fusion process, helium changes to
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carbon
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with stars fusion process, carbonchanges to
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silicon
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after being anebula, stars become
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proto-star
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color of protostars
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reddish orange
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To grow or increase gradually by combining gases, dust, rocks
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accreting
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Fusion of elements begins when?
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when core (center) reaches certain temperature
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will our sun fuse into silicon or other elements
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np it will remain carbon
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These stars are cool and burn a long time
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red giants
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These stars only live a few million yrs
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Blue giants
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The hotter a star burns the quicker it burns out
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The hotter a star burns the quicker it burns out
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these stars are really old...some as old as universe
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red giants
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an explosion of a star
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Nova
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Stars can nova many times...t or f
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true
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Do all novas destroy a star?
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no some will nova many times
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happens when a dying star sheds gas in a flare up s it enters a white dwarf phase.
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Planetary Nebulae-
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A star destroys itself
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supernova
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how many times will a star supernova
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only once..it dies
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largest known star
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antares
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learn star sizessmallest to largest..P SPA RABA
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planets
sun, pollux,arcturus rigel, aldebaran,betelgeus,antares |
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regularly pulsating stars, slowly heading towards their death.
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Cepheids-
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-These stars appear to pulsate, but do so because they are binary systems and one star is larger and brighter, the other is smaller and dimmer and it tends to eclipse the larger one every so often
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RR Lyrae
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used for looking for variable stars
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Kepler Telescope
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how does keplar telescope work/what does it do
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calculating that the objects eclipsing the stars are planets
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how many stars
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grains of sand on all the beaches
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sol
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sun
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closest star to earth
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sol known as the sun
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time it takes light from sun to reach us
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roughly 8 minutes
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other than sun,, the next closest star
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Proxima Centauri
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how far away is Proxima Centauri
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4.2 light years
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nearest visible star
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alpha Centauria
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binary
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two....a pair
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is alpha centauri a binary system
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yes alpha centauri A and alpha centauri B
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two stars are close enough to appear to be together but are not actually bound
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Optical binaries
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“true” binaries which orbit about each other
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Gravitational binaries
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are detectable spectroscopically and by eclipses
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Gravitational binaries
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unstable, posses quite a bit of lithium, believed to be VERY young, just born in fact
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T-Tauri stars
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A bright star which appeared where there previously wasn’t one
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FU Orionis stars
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Thought to be a T-Tauri which is accreting matter from the surrounding disk.
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FU Orionis stars
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not stars but are ejecta from some young stellar bodies.
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Herbig-Haro Objects
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Means that stars were formed from the same material at the same time in roughly the same place
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star cluster
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examples of star cluster
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Pleiades in the constellation of Taurus the Bull
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Pleiades also known as
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Seven Sisters
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another example of star cluster
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Hyades-Forms the V-shaped head of Taurus the Bull
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are star clusters constellations
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nooooo but a portion of a constellation
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band of colors, as seen in a rainbow
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spectra
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spectra of star tells
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stars charachteristics...age, distance, elements, turbulence or steadiness
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