S.s Vocab

Front 1

fuedalism

Back 1

system of rule by lords who owe loyalty to a king

Front 2

manor

Back 2

included lord's castle, peasant's huts, and surrounding villages or fields.

Front 3

serfs

Back 3

peasants

Front 4

Crusades

Back 4

war between Muslims and Roman Catholics to gain control of Holy Land.

Front 5

magnetic compass

Back 5

device that shows which direction is north, taught by Arabs to Italians.

Front 6

astrolabe

Back 6

instrument used by sailors to measure the positions of stars and figure out their latitude at sea; taught by Arabs to Italians

Front 7

Renaissance

Back 7

burst of learning; French word meaning rebirth

Front 8

caravel

Back 8

ship with a steering rubber and triangular sails

Front 9

colony

Back 9

company

Front 10

conquistadors

Back 10

conquerors

Front 11

Pueblos

Back 11

towns that were center of farming and trade.

Front 12

Presidios

Back 12

forts with high adobe wall, where soldiers lived

Front 13

Missions

Back 13

religious settlements run by Catholic priests and friars

Front 14

Laws of the Indies

Back 14

laws stated how colonies should be organized and ruled

Front 15

Peninsulares

Back 15

top of social scale in Spanish colonies; born in Spain and sent to rule Spanish colonies

Front 16

Creoles

Back 16

second people in social scale; born in the Americas to Spanish parents

Front 17

Mestizos

Back 17

third of social scale; people of mixed Spanish and Indian background

Front 18

Indians

Back 18

lowest class in social scale; treated as conquered people

Front 19

encomiendas

Back 19

the right to demand labor or taxes from Native Americans living on the land

Front 20

plantations

Back 20

large estates farmed by many workers, they grew sugar cane and tobacco

Front 21

northwest passage

Back 21

waterway through or around North America

Front 22

protestant reformation

Back 22

the new movement that sharply divided Christians in Europe, Protestants also split, forming many different Protestant churches

Front 23

New France

Back 23

the first permanent settlements founded by Samuel de Champlain

Front 24

coureurs de bois

Back 24

French colonists that were trappers and traders were runners of the woods

Front 25

Louisiana

Back 25

Founded by Robert de La Salle. To keep Spain and England out of Louisiana, they built a fort at the mouth of the Mississippi river named New Orleans

Front 26

New Netherland

Back 26

A colony settled by the Dutch

Front 27

Charter

Back 27

a legal document giving certain rights to a person or company

Front 28

burgesses

Back 28

representatives

Front 29

House of Burgesses

Back 29

together with the governor, they made laws for the colony

Front 30

representative government

Back 30

one in which voters elect representatives to make laws for them

Front 31

Magna Carta

Back 31

Great Charter-this document said that the king could not raise taxes without first consulting the Great Council of nobles and church leaders

Front 32

Pilgrims

Back 32

A group of English settlers that came to America to practice their religion freely. They belonged to a religious group named the Separatists. The were called that because they wanted to be be separate from the Church of England.

Front 33

Mayflower Compact

Back 33

Pilgrims that came over to America on the Mayflower drew up this contract to consult each other about laws for the colony and promised to work together to make the colony succeed.

Front 34

Thanksgiving

Back 34

Now celebrated as a National holiday, it started because the Pilgrims gave thanks to God for the good harvest.