8Th Grade History: Chapter 4 - The Colonies Develop 1651-1753

Front 1

New England farmers practiced subsistence farming because____________________________

Back 1

1) soil rocky

2) growing season was short

Front 2

What products were exported from New England as part of the triangular trade?

Back 2

1) rum

2) sugar

3) molasses

4) slaves

Front 3

An area that ran along the far western edges of the colonies

Back 3

Backcountry

Front 4

Native Americans uprising against the Puritan colonies 1675-1676

Back 4

King Phillip's War

Front 5

It was difficult to have large, independent farming businesses in New England therefore farmers produced just enough for one's needs

Back 5

Subsistence Farming

Front 6

Laws passed by the English to ensure that England made money from its colonies' trade or received money from colonial trade

Back 6

Navigation Acts

Front 7

How did New England's location near the sea affect its development?

Back 7

Whaling and fishing became major economic activities, forests provided timber to build ships.

Front 8

Complex system of transatlantic exchange of slaves, rum, sugar and molasses (money& wealth)

Back 8

Triangular Trade

Front 9

Economic system that European nations used to enrich their treasuries

Back 9

Mercantilism

Front 10

Why did England pass Navigation Acts?

Back 10

To make money from its colonies trade

Front 11

Major Provisions of the Navigation Acts:

Back 11

1)All goods had to be carried on English ships or on ships made in the English colonies

2) Products such as tobacco, wood, and sugar could be sold only to England and its colonies

3) European imports to the colonies had to pass through English ports

4) Officials were to tax any colonial goods not shipped to England.

Front 12

Importing and exporting goods illegally

Back 12

Smuggling

Front 13

A legendary pirate which interfered or prevented colonial shipping

Back 13

Blackbeard

Front 14

A period of hysteria in which many that were falsely accused of witchcraft were arrested, tried, and executed.

Back 14

The Salem Witchcraft Trials

Front 15

Watch over and direct the work of enslaved people

Back 15

overseers

Front 16

shared land where public activities took place

Back 16

common

Front 17

How did farming in the South differ from farming in New England?

Back 17

a) New England - small farms and numerous towns

b) South - large plantations

Front 18

a wealthy Virginia that described the slave trade as "disgraceful to mankind"

Back 18

George Mason

Front 19

valuable crops shipped to foreign markets for great profits

Back 19

Cashcrops

Front 20

groups of landless frontier settlers complained about high taxes and Governor Berkeley's inability to protect from Native Americans, resulting in the burning of Jeamstown to the ground

Back 20

Bacon's Rebellion

Front 21

the flat land along the coast

Back 21

Tidewater

Front 22

Reasons why large plantation owners turned to slavery?

Back 22

1) cheap

2) unable to find enough indentured white servants

Front 23

Ways in which Africans resisted enslavement:

Back 23

1) worked slowly

2) damaged goods

3) deliberately carried out orders the wrong way

4) pretend they didn't understand tasks - act dumb

Front 24

A revolt of 20 slaves that grew to over 100 in which many Africans killed whites as a rebellion for working as a slave

Back 24

Stono Rebellion

Front 25

Because of the Stono Rebellion and other slave revolts, planters________________________

Back 25

made slave codes more strict

Front 26

By 1750, the majority of enslaved Africans in America lived in ?

Back 26

Southern Colonies

Front 27

The Middle Colonies produced so much grain that people began calling them:

Back 27

Bread Basket

Front 28

plant that produces a deep blue dye

Back 28

indigo

Front 29

crops raised too be sold for money

Back 29

cash crops

Front 30

introduced indigo as a successful plantation crop

Back 30

Eliza Lucas

Front 31

the highest ranking social group

Back 31

elite

Front 32

Because of its enormous trade including cash crops of grain this Pennsylvania city became the fastest growing city in the colonies

Back 32

Philadelphia

Front 33

Reasons why the Middles colonies grew:

Back 33

1) harbors made excellent ports

2) fertile countryside made good crops

3) immigrants attracted to regions tolerance

Front 34

German built wide wheels suitable for dirt roads, curved beds to prevent spilling, and canvas covering that offered protection from the rain

Back 34

Conestoga wagons

Front 35

Skilled craftspeople, such as blacksmiths, iron workers, makers of glass, furniture, and kitchen ware were know as:

Back 35

artesians

Front 36

The Backcountry was a region of dense forest and rushing streams in or near the ____ _____

Back 36

Appalachian Mountains

Front 37

In the South, the Backcountry began at the ______, where waterfalls prevent large boats from moving upriver.

Back 37

fall line

Front 38

A broad plateau known as the _______ lies at the foot of the Appalachian Mountains

Back 38

Piedmont

Front 39

The Backcountry was mainly settled by:

Back 39

Presbyterians of Northern Ireland

Front 40

Reasons why backcountry life was unique:

Back 40

1) wild and mountainous region

2) attracted independent settlers that resented government control

Front 41

distinct religious groups

Back 41

denomination

Front 42

Who built the Consetoga wagons?

Back 42

the Germans

Front 43

Who came to the Middle Colonies:

Back 43

Dutch and German farmers

Front 44

By the 1700s, the colonies formed 4 distinct regions:

Back 44

1) New England colony

2) Middle Colonies

3) Southern Colonies

4) Backcountry

Front 45

Most populated colony?

Back 45

New England