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Front 1

When did primates diverge?

Back 1

65 mya

Front 2

Name of "group" that has lemurs and tarsiers

Back 2

Prosimians

Front 3

Prosimians

Back 3

Lemurs and tarsiers

Front 4

Interesting primate behaviours

Back 4

Altruism

Tool use

Cooperation (?) (Ask if we want this Inc.)

Front 5

Bonobo

Back 5

Pan paniscus

Front 6

Chimpanzee

Back 6

Pan troglodytes

Front 7

Archonta

Back 7

Incorrect classification.

Pendulous penis with a reduced sheath etc...

Front 8

Non primate tool users

Back 8

Burrowing wasp

Otters

New Caledonian crow

Front 9

What was wrong with Archonta

Back 9

Included bats

Front 10

Why do arboreal animals tend to have forward facing eyes

Back 10

Depth perception

Front 11

Chiroptera

Back 11

Bats

Front 12

Bats

Back 12

Chiroptera

Front 13

Which digit is first?

Back 13

Thumb

Front 14

What's the reason for low intelligence cooperation

Back 14

Kin selection

Front 15

When did amniotes diverge

Back 15

320 mya

Front 16

Precocial

Back 16

Young that are capable. Ducklings. Can shiver and move about n all.

Front 17

Capable young.

Back 17

Precocial

Front 18

Altricial

Back 18

Lazy ******* chicks. Can't even shiver. Completely reliant.

Front 19

Young completely reliant on parents

Back 19

Altricuial

Front 20

3 major mammal branches

Back 20

Monotremes

Therians

Placental

Front 21

When did mammals diverge

Back 21

180 mya

Front 22

Allometric scaling eqn

Back 22

R = R1 M^(ß)

Front 23

Marsupials

Back 23

Therians

Front 24

Therians

Back 24

Marsupials

Front 25

Monotremes

Back 25

Platypus and echidna

Front 26

What tradeoffs did placental mammals have in relation to therians/monotremes?

Back 26

Longer gestation time, shorter weaning time.

Overall organism "ready to go" faster

Front 27

Milk functions

Back 27

Nutritive

Immunological

Hormonal control

Front 28

"Lactating" avians

Back 28

Pidgeons

Front 29

What is "crop milk"

Back 29

Cells swollen with fat and protein which bud off and are fed to young.

Front 30

Eulemur

Back 30

True lemur

Front 31

True lemurs

Back 31

Eulemur

Front 32

Bush baby

Back 32

Otolemur

Front 33

Otolemur

Back 33

Bush baby

Front 34

Back 34

Xenarthra-

Anteaters, Armadillos, Sloths

Front 35

Saltatorial

Back 35

Designed for leaping (idk, I'm just upset about fossorial)

Front 36

Back 36

Afrotheria

Front 37

Back 37

Laurasiatheria

Front 38

Back 38

Eurachontoglires

Front 39

Back 39

Front 40

Rabbits, hares, etc

Back 40

Lagomorpha

Front 41

Elephants, just them :(

Back 41

Proboscidia

Front 42

Sea cows (only including this because its funny)

Back 42

Sirenia

Front 43

Even toed ungulates

Back 43

Cetartiodactyla

Front 44

Dolphins, whales

Back 44

Ceteans

Front 45

Odd toed ungulates

Back 45

Perissodactyla

Front 46

Why not just eat grass, everybody?

Back 46

Finding easy, but low nutritive value, difficult to digest and assimilate

Front 47

Tree shrew (of interest due to its relation to primates)

Back 47

Scandentia

Front 48

Biggest group by number of species

Back 48

Rodentia

Front 49

What are cows?

Back 49

Yeast farms

Front 50

How do fish adapt to herbivory?

Back 50

Beaky mouths, pharyngeal jaws, possible fermentation

Front 51

Land adaptations to herbivory

Back 51

Fermentation, constantly growing teeth, sideways jaw movement

Front 52

4 chambered stomach

Back 52

Ruminant

Front 53

What group contains the ruminants?

Back 53

Cetartiodactyla

Front 54

Are ruminants foregut or hindgut fermenters?

Back 54

Foregut

Front 55

When did cetartiodactyla diverge

Back 55

50mya

Front 56

4 Chambers names

Back 56

Rumen

Reticulum

Omasum

Abomasum

Front 57

Foregut feeding style

Back 57

Feed periodically in large amounts

Front 58

Hindgut feeding style

Back 58

Feed continuously in small amounts

Front 59

Fun extra thing foregut does in camels

Back 59

Reprocesses urea

Front 60

Who are the pseudo-ruminants?

Back 60

Kangaroo- 2 Chambers

Hippo- 3 chambers

Front 61

Are proboscidae fore or hind gutters?

Back 61

Hind, pathetic bastards, no wonder there's no more proboscidae about

Front 62

Mammal defining features (5)

Back 62

Jaw bone is a single (dentary) bone

Endothermic

3 middle ear bones

Milkers

Hairy bastards

Front 63

Nane 3 middle ear bones

Back 63

Malleus, incus, stapes

Front 64

Why are prototheria weird?

Back 64

Eggs

Front 65

Two names for egg laying mammals

Back 65

Prototheria and monotremes (monotremes are the extant species)

Front 66

Two names for marsupials

Back 66

Therians, metatheria

Front 67

Two names for "normal" mammals (idk how to say this without giving it away)

Back 67

Eutheria, placental

Front 68

Prototherian features (6)

Back 68

Abdominal testes

Nipple-less sweat milk

No corpus callosum

No external ears

No placenta

Carry eggs in temporary pouches supported by epipubic bones

Front 69

Echidna

Back 69

Tachyglossus

Front 70

Platypus

Back 70

Ornithorhynchus

Front 71

Metatheria traits

Back 71

No corpus callosum

Ear enclosed in bony bulla from alisphenoid bone

Marsupial eggs have no shell, some yolk, and lots of albumen

Front 72

Non-fused digits

Back 72

Diactylous

Front 73

Many front teeth

Back 73

Polyprotodont

Front 74

Fused digits

Back 74

Syndactyly

Front 75

Syndactylous metatherian

Back 75

Bandicoot

Front 76

Two toes

Back 76

Diadactylous

Front 77

Two front teeth

Back 77

Diprotodont

Front 78

Eutheria defining features (5)

Back 78

Yolkless, retained eggs

Placenta w/trophoblast layer

Birth at advanced stage. Suckled

Middle ear protected by bony bulla (never alisphenoid)

Yes corpus callosum

Front 79

Weird thing tenrecs retained

Back 79

Cloaca

Front 80

Do metatherians have cloacas?

Back 80

Yes

Front 81

Do prototherians have cloacas?

Back 81

Yes

Front 82

Do eutherians have cloacas?

Back 82

No, with the exception of the tenrec

Front 83

Chrysochloridian adaptations for fossorial living (4)

Back 83

Short legs

Powerful digging claws

V. dense fur (repels water and dirt)

Toughened skin

Front 84

Tip toe walkers

Back 84

Digitigrade

Front 85

Walk on soles

Back 85

Plantigrade

Front 86

Strange sloth teeth fact

Back 86

Not replaced in their lifetimes. Not even the milk -> adult teeth thingie

Front 87

Just primate tings (OK soz this pic is ****)

Back 87

Front 88

When are lemurs active

Back 88

Nocturnal

Front 89

Lemurs and lorises

Back 89

Prosimii

Front 90

Prosimii features

Back 90

Cleft upper lip

Furry, inexpressive face

Only naked on rhinarium

Lateral nostril opening

Opposable thumbs

Kinda sideways eyes

Front 91

Region around nostrils

Back 91

Rhinarium

Front 92

New world monkeys

Back 92

Cebidae/Platyrrhine

Front 93

Old world monkeys

Back 93

Cercopithidae/Catarrhine

Front 94

Nostrils close and pointed downward

Back 94

Catarrhine

Front 95

Nostrils sideways and wide spaced

Back 95

Platyrrhine

Front 96

Back 96

Platyrrhine

Front 97

Back 97

Catarrhine

Front 98

Eat **** or die

Back 98

Coprophagy

Front 99

4 major membranes of the amniotic egg

Back 99

Amnion

Yolk-sac

Shell membrane and Shell

Chorioallantois

Front 100

Stages of hatching

Back 100

Access air cell

Break shell

Front 101

Does environmental moisture affect hard or soft shells more

Back 101

Soft-

Larger hatchling

Better hatchling locomotor performance

Front 102

Distinctive amniote ankle bone

Back 102

Astragalus (talus)

Front 103

Rib-related change in amniotes

Back 103

Sternum evolved (but lost in some)

Front 104

How's the pelvic girdle attached in amniotes

Back 104

By at least two sacral vertebrae

Front 105

Jaw articulation joint in reptiles

Back 105

Quadrate

Front 106

Jaw articulation joint in mammals

Back 106

Squamosal

Front 107

0 skull fenestra

Back 107

Anapsid

Front 108

1 skull fenestra

Back 108

Synapsid

Front 109

2 skull fenestra

Back 109

Diapsid

Front 110

Diapsid which lost upper bar

Back 110

Bird

Front 111

Diapsid which lost lower bar

Back 111

Lizard

Front 112

Diapsid which lost both bars

Back 112

Snake

Front 113

Diapsid which lost no bars

Back 113

Tuatara

Front 114

Why have a bony palate

Back 114

Separates nose and mouth for sucking, breathing while chewing

In croc reinforces jaw for crushing

Front 115

Cranial kinesis

Back 115

Upper jaw moves independently

Front 116

Scrolls of bone in nasal cavity

Back 116

Turbinate bones

Front 117

Why have turbinate bones

Back 117

Prevent water loss

Front 118

Hot females (in your area)

Back 118

Turtles

Front 119

Hot males (in your area)

Back 119

Tuatara

Front 120

Middle temp males

Back 120

Crocodiles

Front 121

If a crocodile develops in middling temperatures, what will they be?

Back 121

Male

Front 122

Turtles

Back 122

Testudinata

Front 123

Dorsal part of a testudine shell

Back 123

Carapace

Front 124

Ventral part of a testudine shell

Back 124

Plastron

Front 125

2 suborder of testudines

Back 125

Pleuorodira

Cryptodira

Front 126

Cryptodira

Back 126

Mid sagittal plane fold in head retraction

Front 127

Pleurodia

Back 127

Fold laterally under shell

Front 128

Are pleurodira or cryptodira purely freshwater?

Back 128

Pleurodira

Front 129

Tuatara

Back 129

Rhynchocephalia

Front 130

This isn't in the spot test but guess what "rhyncho" of "rhynchocephalia" (tuatara) fane means?

Back 130

Beak/snout.

I dunno about you guys but at no point did I think of a snout while looking at this dude. Least snouted individual ever.

Front 131

Weird third eye thing

Back 131

Parietal eye

Front 132

Teeth without sockets

Back 132

Acrodont

Front 133

Acrodont

Back 133

Teeth without sockets

Front 134

Crocodiles

Back 134

Crocodilia

Front 135

Crocodilia families

Back 135

Alligatoridae

Crocodylidae

Gavialidae (gharial)

Front 136

Back 136

Front 137

Back 137

Front 138

Thecodont teeth

Back 138

In sockets

Front 139

Teeth in sockets

Back 139

Thecodont

Front 140

How do crocs move in water

Back 140

Lateral undulation

Front 141

Lizards and snakes

Back 141

Squamata

Front 142

Bruh I'm not learning the suborder of squamata

Back 142

There's so ******* many. Abd it's all like: Iguanas-Iguanidae

Front 143

Iguanas

Back 143

Iguanidae

Front 144

Skinks

Back 144

Scincidae

Front 145

Snakes

Back 145

Serpentes

Front 146

Geckos

Back 146

Gekkota

Front 147

Wall lizards

Back 147

Lavertidae

Front 148

Chameleons

Back 148

Chamaeleonidae

Front 149

Monitor lizards, gonnas etc

Back 149

Varanidae

Front 150

Dragon lizards

Back 150

Agamidae

Front 151

Cloacal slit squamata

Back 151

Transverse

Front 152

Scientific word for overlap

Back 152

Imbricated

Front 153

Pleurodont teeth

Back 153

Fused to jaw bone

Front 154

Teeth fused to jaw bone

Back 154

Pleurodont

Front 155

Difference between og tail and replaced one in squamata

Back 155

It's replaces with cartilage, not bone

Front 156

What do squamata piss out

Back 156

Uric acid

Front 157

Squamata penis name

Back 157

Hemipenes

Front 158

Virgin birth name

Back 158

Perthenogenesis

Front 159

What's good about vivipary for snakes?

Back 159

Helpful in cold climates

Front 160

Ireland only lizard name:

Back 160

Viviparous lizard

(Zootoca vivipara)

Front 161

Did you know I can make words big?

Back 161

And also bold?

Now you do.

Front 162

Lizard hibernation thingie

Back 162

Brumation

Front 163

Idk wormy reptiles

Back 163

Amphisbaenidae

Front 164

What do amphisbaenidae eat?

Back 164

They're carnivorous

Front 165

What's reduced in amphisbaenidae?

Back 165

Right lung

Front 166

Serpentes senses

Back 166

Poor hearing

Good vision

Excellent olfaction

Pit organs- infra red heat sensitive

Front 167

Smell organ in snakes

Back 167

Jacobson's organ

Front 168

Name of scale covering eye in serpentes

Back 168

Spectacle

Front 169

What allows snakes to sense infra red heat

Back 169

Pit organs

Front 170

Poison that attacks nerves

Back 170

Neurotoxin

Front 171

Cytotoxin

Back 171

Attacks cells

Front 172

Poison that attacks muscles

Back 172

Myotoxin

Front 173

4 types of snake locomotion

Back 173

Lateral undulation

Concertina motion

Rectilinear movement

Sidewinder movement

Front 174

Back 174

Front 175

Back 175

Front 176

Back 176

(Lateral undulation in lectures)

Front 177

Back 177

Front 178

Chelonian

Back 178

Turtles

Front 179

Sphenodon

Back 179

Tuatara

Front 180

What lung do snakes have

Back 180

Right

Sometimes left but it's tiny

Front 181

Variable body temp

Back 181

Poikilotherm

Front 182

Maintain stable body temp

Back 182

Homeotherm

Front 183

Switch between poikilotherm and homeotherm

Back 183

Heterotherm

Front 184

HSP

Back 184

Heat shock proteins

Front 185

What do HSPs do?

Back 185

Catalyse protein folding after translation, and cab refold denatured proteins

Front 186

Heat shock response

Back 186

Production of more HSPs in response to extreme temperatures

Front 187

Exchange heat from external sources

Back 187

Ectotherm

Front 188

Exchange heat from internal and external sources

Back 188

Endotherm

Front 189

Where do endotherms get heat

Back 189

Fron environment and metabolism

Front 190

Where do ectotherms get heat

Back 190

Environment

Front 191

How do insects generate heat for flight

Back 191

Thermogenesis

Rapid flight muscle contraction in thorax

Front 192

Rapid flight muscle contraction in thorax

Back 192

Thermogenesis

Front 193

Types of endothermy

Back 193

Homeothermic

Regional

Facultative

Front 194

Facultative endothermy

Back 194

Only when needed- bees

Front 195

Regional endothermy

Back 195

Conserve heat to increase endurance- tuna

Front 196

Homeotic endothermy

Back 196

Most mammals. No turning it off. Always packing that heat 🔫🔫🔫

Front 197

Name of caterpillar fuzz

Back 197

Setae

Front 198

Goosebumps

Back 198

Piloerection

Front 199

Laurasiatheria

Back 199

Front 200

Mammal characteristics

Back 200

Hairy

Milk from sweat glands

Only one jaw bone (dentary)

Endothermic

3 ear bones (malleus incus stapes)

Front 201

Touch based senses i think?, idk I don't get it. If anybody could explain it to me that'd be lovely.

Back 201

Somatosensory

Front 202

Mole nose organs

Back 202

Eimer's organs

Front 203

What do Elmer's organs do

Back 203

Very good at semsing touch. Found in moles.

Front 204

Crescent shaped ridges on teeth

Back 204

Selenodont

(Easy to remember cause like selene is moon things)

Front 205

What is a cannon bone

Back 205

Fused metatarsals and metacarpals fused proximally

Front 206

What the **** did you guys read the bit about prongbuck having horns with an outer sheath made of fused hair? What the ****?

Back 206

Idk I just think it's ******

Front 207

Deer

Back 207

Cervid

Front 208

Cow

Back 208

Bovid

Front 209

New ******** detected: apparantly parvorders exist.

Back 209

Front 210

What are whales divided into?

Back 210

Tooth vs baleen

Odontoceti vs mysticeti

Front 211

High crowned teeth

Back 211

Hypsodont

Front 212

Hypsodont

Back 212

High crowned teeth

Front 213

Amphisbaenidae lifestyle

Back 213

Fossorial