Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Which of the following is not a sport management structure?
|
municipality
|
A. league
B. municipality C. professional tournament D. club |
|
|
Sport management structures evolve in response to
|
broad social change
|
A. changes in the nation’s economy
B. development of players’ unions C. changes in league commissioners D. broad social change |
|
|
The first sport management undergraduate program was established at Ohio University.
|
False
|
|
|
|
The United States is the birthplace of modern sport and sport management.
|
False
|
|
|
|
The most well-known originator of the modern Olympic Games is:
|
Pierre de Coubertin
|
A. Kelly Rippa
B. Spyros Constantinides C. Pierre de Coubertin D. Stephen Lanara |
|
|
The following are aspects in which NCAA Divions I, II & III institutions differ (Sport Management Times):
|
All of the above
|
A. Number of sports spornsored by gender and by the institution
B. Atendance requirements C. Financial aid awards (athletic scholarships) D. All of the above |
|
|
What was the prevailing reason for the push for reform in college football in the late 1800s and early 1900s:
|
the number of injuries and deaths occurring
|
A. the eligibility of players
B. the larger schools consistently winning against the smaller schools C. the need to legislate the money being received by football college athletes D. the number of injuries and deaths occurring |
|
|
The initial collegiate athletic contests were:
|
student-run events
|
A. student-run events
B. organized by coaches of the teams C. organized by athletic directors at schools D. organized by the athletic conferences at the time |
|
|
A collective bargaining agreement covers:
|
all of the above
|
A. wages.
B. hours. C. terms and conditions of employment. D. all of the above. |
|
|
In professional sports, the Commissioner has discretionary power in all of the following areas except:
|
Resolution of disputes over player compensation
|
A. Rule making
B. Approval of player contracts C. Resolution of disputes between clubs D. Resolution of disputes over player compensation E. Disciplinary matters between players and clubs |
|
|
Sport managers need to be aware of the _____ and _____ in the sport workplace.
|
morality, ethics
|
A. ethics, social issues
B. morality, corruption C. morality, ethics D. immoral behavior, social issues |
|
|
Codes of conduct may be considered counterproductive if:
|
all of the above
|
A. They are too long or complex to understand easily.
B. They try to intimidate employees into acting morally. C. The organization does not demonstrate a commitment to them. D. All of the above. |
|
|
_____ is similar to the regular decision-making process in business situations in that there is a given structure to follow when making an ethical decision.
|
ethical decision making
|
A. Ethical decision making
B. Moral decision making C. Ethical reasoning D. Moral discourse |
|
|
An _____ is a practical conflict involving more or less equally compelling values or social obligations.
|
ethical dilemma
|
A. ethical dilemma
B. ethical reason C. ethical code D. None of the above |
|
|
The process of making a correct and fair decision is called _____.
|
ethical reasoning
|
A. ethical dilemma
B. ethical reasoning C. morality D. codes of ethics |
|
|
Where revenue sharing may be effective as a tool to improve competitive balance is when it is used in conjunction with luxury tax
|
False
|
|
|
|
All of the following are examples of “financial” mechanisms for altering competitive balance EXCEPT:
|
reverse-order draft
|
A. luxury tax
B. salary cap C. revenue sharing D. reverse-order draft E. all of the above are financial mechanisms |
|
|
When organizations borrow, they are legally obligated to pay back the principal, plus interest
|
True
|
|
|
|
Which of the following most accurately defines the managerial discipline of finance?
|
answers A & B above
|
A. how an organization generates the funds that flow into the organization
B. how an organization allocates its funds once they are in the organization C. any decision relating to money D. all of the above E. answers A & B above |
|
|
From the article USOC Leadership: Winter Games in US a Possibility: U.S. Olympic Committee is considering bidding for a winter Olympic games as a way to:
|
Mend its relationship with the IOC
|
a. Show the IOC how it is done and avenge Chicago’s Olympic bid loss
b. Mend its relationship with the IOC c. Recover monetary losses from Chicago’s bid |
|
|
The role of managers can be challenging as they try to assess the needs of their employees and utilize appropriate skills to meet the needs of the employees, all the while also getting the job done.
|
True
|
|
|
|
Current management theory stresses the concepts of employee involvement, employee empowerment, and _____.
|
managers’ concern with the human component of employees
|
a. employee effectiveness.
b. administrators’ nonprofit organizations. c. employee knowledge and skills. d. managers’ concern with the human component of employees |
|
|
Identifying subgroups of the overall marketplace based on factors such as age or income level is considered:
|
segmentation
|
A. strategic positioning
B. target marketing C. clustering D. segmentation |
|
|
Customer retention activities demonstrating care and concern for the customer following a purchase is considered by marketers as:
|
relationship marketing
|
A. telemarketing
B. target marketing C. relationship marketing D. aftermarketing |
|
|
All of the following are key skills necessary to succeed in the marketing department of a professional sports team except:
|
in-game team strategy
|
A. oral communication
B. in-game team strategy C. written communication D. sales abilities |
|
|
Sports marketers define _______________ as the personal commitment and emotional involvement customers have with a sport organization.
|
fan identification
|
A. target marketing
B. customer promotion C. fan identification D. the winner’s curse |
|
|
All of the following are functions of promotion except:
|
pricing research
|
A. advertising
B. pricing research C. personal selling D. publicity |
|
|
By turning a parking garage in proximity to the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Village into a mini-Nike Town, Nike was engaged in:
|
ambush marketing
|
A. target marketing
B. athlete endorsements C. sponsorship D. ambush marketing |
|
|
The controllable variables the company puts together to satisfy a target group are referred to as the:
|
marketing mix
|
A. promotional mix
B. target market C. marketing mix D. product orientation |
|
|
The purposes of sport marketing research include all of the following except:
|
allowing fans direct input into team personnel decisions
|
A. profiling the sport consumer demographically
B. analyzing purchasing behavior C. allowing fans direct input into team personnel decisions D. offering two-way communication with target market |
|
|
Sports marketing includes the marketing of: _____________, __________, and ____________:
|
products, services and entities
|
A. leagues, teams and individuals
B. products, services and entities C. sponsorships, outfield billboards and ticket packages D. leagues, individuals and events |
|
|
Leagues such as the NFL, NBA, and MLB all maintain “credit facilities” because:
|
the leagues can borrow less expensively than can individual teams
|
A. the leagues do not trust the financial markets
B. the leagues can borrow less expensively than can individual teams C. the leagues use them to administer revenue sharing D. both A & B E. both B & C |
|
|
Which two leagues utilize a form of luxury tax?
|
MLB and NBA
|
A. MLB and NHL
B. NFL and NHL C. MLB and NBA D. NHL and NBA |
|
|
According to your reading, the Yankees signing Roger Clemens in 2007 was a good financial decision because __________.
|
All of the above.
|
It increased their chances of making the playoffs by 50%.
They would generate additional direct revenue of $24m from his contribution. They would make more money directly in 2007 than his contract would cost them. All of the above. |
|
|
What is the term given to the amount of their own money owners have invested in the firm?
|
Equity
|
Debt
Assets Liabilities Equity |
|
|
Which financial statement measures the financial performance of an organization over a specified time period, usually a year?
|
income statement
|
statement of cash flows
income statement balance sheet financial ledger |
|
|
According to Chinese philosopher Lao-Tsu, the best leaders are those whom the people honor and praise.
|
True
|
True
False |
|
|
______ is/are anything that an organization owns that can be used to generate future revenues
|
assets
|
A. assets
B. liabilities C. owners’ equity D. bonds E. answers A & C above |
|
|
Why do economists suggest that revenue sharing, in and of itself, will do little to improve competitive balance?
|
Teams receiving revenue-sharing transfers may have little incentive to use the money to increase payroll, simply choosing to retain the transfer as added profit.
|
a. Teams receiving revenue-sharing transfers do not receive enough money for it to make a difference.
b. Teams receiving revenue-sharing transfers may have little incentive to use the money to increase payroll, simply choosing to retain the transfer as added profit. c. Teams receiving revenue-sharing transfers are already the highest payroll teams. d. Both b & c e. All of the above. |
|
|
_____ involves measuring and ensuring progress toward organizational objectives.
|
Evaluating
|
A. Leading
B. Organizing C. Communicating D. Evaluating |
|
|
The manager determines what types of jobs need to be performed and who will be responsible for doing these jobs during the _____ function.
|
organizing
|
A. planning
B. organizing C. leading D. evaluating |
|
|
_____ is a continuous process that involves establishing organizational mission statements, goals, objectives, tactics, roles, and evaluation.
|
Planning
|
A. Leading
B. Planning C. Evaluating D. Organizing |
|
|
The role of managers can be challenging as they try to _____.
|
All of the above.
|
A. assess the needs of their employees
B. utilize appropriate skills to meet the needs of employees C. get the job done D. All of the above. |
|
|
Keeping the financial scope of the sport industry in mind, it is important to note that sport managers need to be able to organize and work with _____, the most important asset in their organization.
|
people
|
A. people
B. players C. businesses D. administrators |
|
|
Although most change happens without major resistance, sport managers have to be aware that people tend to resist change for _____ reasons.
|
All of the above
|
A. emotional
B. social C. security D. All of the above |
|
|
Sport managers make decisions on a daily basis that affect large numbers of people including:
|
All of the above
|
A. athletes
B. team owners C. fans D. All of the above |
|
|
From the list below, which item is not an issue in Inter Collegiate athletics?
|
Global expansion of college brands
|
Gender Equity
Academic Integrity Financial Integrity Commercialization Global expansion of college brands |
|
|
The title given to the highest-ranking female administrator in any intercollegiate athletic department is:
|
Senior Woman Administrator
|
Athletic Director for Women’s Sports
Senior Women’s Associate Director Director of Women’s Sports Senior Woman Administrator None of the above |
|
|
_____ is the systematic study of values guiding our decision making.
|
Ethics
|
A. Empowerment
B. Administrating C. Managing D. Ethics |
|
|
Which is not an allowable method an athletic department may use when out of compliance with Title IX standards regarding participation opportunities:
|
showing that a lack of funding, institutional financial limitations, prevents the athletic department from complying with Title IX
|
A. showing that a lack of funding, institutional financial limitations, prevents the athletic department from complying with Title IX
B. capping roster sizes for men’s teams C. eliminating sport programs for men D. adding sport programs for women |
|
|
Reasons why schools decide to change conference affiliations or join a conference include all of the following except:
|
wanting to move from the Division III level to the Division I-A level
|
A. increased exposure from television contracts with the new conference
B. difficulty in scheduling games and generating revenue if the school is an independent C. wanting to move from the Division III level to the Division I-A level D. the ability of the new conference to hold a championship game in football if the conference possesses at least 12 member institutions |
|
|
The privileges granted to owners that come with team ownership are called __________.
|
franchise rights.
|
A. franchise rights.
B. territorial rights. C. revenue sharing rights. D. ownership committee rights |
|
|
______ bound a professional baseball player to his ballclub as long as he played professional baseball.
|
The reserve clause
|
a. Binding arbitration
b. The reserve clause c. The collective bargaining agreement d. Arbitration e. Restricted free agency |
|
|
Many individuals in the management of professional sports leagues are not fans of salary caps because they:
|
all of the above.
|
A. routinely force teams to cut veteran players earning higher salaries to get under the ceiling of the cap.
B. routinely provide teams with spending floors so low-revenue teams are prevented from cutting salaries in order to stay competitive. C. often have so many exceptions that they have inevitably created a number of loopholes for those agents and general managers who are creative negotiators and thus, the cap is not creating the parity it was intended to create. D. all of the above |
|
|
What is not a revenue that is shared under league revenue sharing systems?
|
Luxury seating revenue
|
A. Expansion fees when new teams enter the league.
B. National television revenue. C. Gate receipts at individual games. D. Luxury seating revenue |
|
|
The response to an impasse in labor negotiations is usually:
|
a and b above.
|
A. a strike.
B. a lockout. C. court order to force collective bargaining D. a and b above. E. b and c above. |
|
|
Which was the first professional baseball team?
|
Cincinnati Reds
|
a. Cincinnati Reds
b. New York Giants c. New York Highlanders d. Philadelphia Athletics e. Boston Red Sox |
|
|
The modern Olympic Games in 1896 were held in which city?
|
Athens
|
A. Athens
B. Megara C. London D. Olympia |
|
|
What university had the first sport management master degree program?
|
Ohio University
|
A. University of Massachusetts-Amherst
B. Ohio University C. Loughborough University D. Indiana University |
|
|
Sport events typically seek advertising of their event through:
|
trade-out sponsorships with media outlets
|
A. purchasing on-air advertising time
B. none, costs too much money to advertise C. in-house marketing strategies and activities D. trade-out sponsorships with media outlets |
|
|
The nuts and bolts of an event are described as the activities that take place within:
|
tournament operations
|
A. registration
B. volunteer management C. tournament operations D. finance/budgeting |
|
|
All of the following are reasons for a municipality to subsidize stadium/arena construction except:
|
economic benefits
|
A. economic benefits
B. civic pride and community spirit C. public relations boost of being “major league city” D. improved quality of life in city |
|
|
The primary purpose of arena adjacent practice facilities such as those seen at Nationwide Arena in Columbus and FedEx Forum in Memphis is to:
|
increase event bookings
|
A. lure local teams to use practice facilities
B. gain bragging rights amongst team owners C. increase player loyalty D. increase event bookings |
|
|
Modern arenas and stadiums have directly helped owners to maximize revenues through all of the following except:
|
modernized locker rooms
|
A. preferred seating
B. parking C. modernized locker rooms D. additional sponsorship opportunities |
|
|
As financial circumstances for youth leagues become more strained, these job areas are being asked to perform more fundraising activities:
|
coaches and administrators
|
A. coaches only
B. administrators only C. coaches and administrators D. neither coaches and administrators, parents pay an athletic fee instead |
|
|
In the article “Your client at the Daytona 500”, sponsors have a 10 day period where they can closely interact with 1 million fans. To enhance the sponsors’ R.O.I., Daytona:
|
All of the above
|
A. Limits sponsorship inventory on the race track to avoid clutter
B. Makes the available inventory much more valuable C. Sets up a clean zone around the speedway where only approved ads are permitted D. All of the above |
|
|
According to the article “Ga. Tech outsources ticket sales to the Aspire group”, the university pays Aspire a fee plus a variable amount based on sales. That way, the university:
|
A and B only
|
A. Does not have to do massive TV and radio advertising
B. Does not have to hire a large number of sales staff C. Does have to field winning teams D. A and B only |
|
|
According to the article “Are you looking to upsell consumers?”, when presented with several options, consumers buy based on
|
The relative advantage of one option compared to the other options
|
A. The absolute value of each option
B. The relative advantage of one option compared to the other options C. Gut-feeling |
|
|
Sponsorship provides a company with all of the following except:
|
opportunities to receive revenue back from the team or league based on success on the field/court
|
A. opportunities to leverage its affiliation in order to achieve marketing objectives
B. opportunities to generate incremental sales to entertaining key customers C. opportunities to generating positive awareness for the company and its products or services D. opportunities to receive revenue back from the team or league based on success on the field/court |
|
|
For the major professional sport leagues and associations, sponsorships involve:
|
a variety of marketing-mix elements designed to send messages to a targeted audience
|
A. a variety of marketing-mix elements designed to send messages to a targeted audience
B. one primary sponsor provided with exclusivity across all sponsorship categories C. fees that usually never exceed $1,000,000 per year D. one year deals, as leagues and associations avoid multi-year commitments |
|
|
The most successful sport organizations in attracting and retaining sponsorship partners are those that do all of the following except:
|
sign as many sponsors as possible
|
A. best meet the needs and objectives of companies
B. deliver on their promises C. sign as many sponsors as possible D. think of innovative strategies that provide unique sponsorship opportunities |
|
|
Perhaps no avenue within the sport industry holds more job opportunities, particularly at the entry level than:
|
Sales
|
A. Communications
B. Public relations C. Sales D. Finance |
|
|
The sales process entails:
|
All of the above
|
A. Negotiating
B. Conversing C. Learning D. All of the above |
|
|
The process of providing continued satisfaction and reinforcement to individuals or organizations who are past or current customers is a definition of:
|
aftermarketing
|
A. benefit selling
B. aftermarketing C. up-selling D. eduselling |
|
|
International federations:
|
All of the above.
|
A. are the international governing bodies for one or several sports throughout the world.
B. are nongovernmental organizations recognized by the IOC to administer one or more sports at the world level and encompassing organizations administering such sports at the national level. C. must petition for formal recognition by the IOC and must apply the Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code and conduct effective out-of-competition tests in accordance with the established rules. D. All of the above. |
|
|
The USOC is the organization mandated by Congress under the Amateur Sports Act of 1978 to do which of the following:
|
All of the above.
|
A. Govern activities of the United States related to the Olympics, Paralympics, and the Pan Am Games.
B. Represent the U.S. Olympic athletes, coaches, administrators and other Americans who support the Olympic Movement. C. Send the U.S. Olympic teams to the Olympics, Paralympics, and the Pan Am Games. D. All of the above. |
|
|
__________________ is an interchange of information between two or more parties that has a specific purpose or goal.
|
An interview
|
A. An interview
B. An electronic newsletter C. An integrated marketing communication D. An internal marketing communication |
|
|
The three disciplines Integrated Marketing Communications combines are?
|
Advertising, marketing, public relations
|
A. Advertising, marketing, public relations
B. Public relations, retailing, advertising C. Advertising, communications, retailing D. Marketing, communications, management |
|
|
Stakeholders are groups and individuals that have a stake in your organization.
Of the following, who are stakeholders? |
All of the above.
|
A. Media
B. Fans C. Sponsors D. All of the above. E. None of the above. |
