Sport & Exercise Psychology Exam 1

Front 1

Norman Triplett (1897)

Back 1

Conducted the first experiment in the areas of social facilitation and social-psychological. Discovered that cycling with people boosts an individual's performance

Front 2

Coleman Griffith (1920s)

Back 2

Father of American Psychology, conducted research with baseball and football teams

Front 3

Dorothy Yates (1940s)

Back 3

Used relaxation training intervention with college boxers

Front 4

Dorothy Harris (1972)

Back 4

Developed the first graduate sport psychology program and became the first female president

Front 5

Bruce Ogilive (1960s)

Back 5

Father of American applied sport psychology

Front 6

In what year was the Association of Applied Sport Psychology established (AASP)?

Back 6

1986

Front 7

In what year did an officially recognized sport psychologist accompany the US olympic team?

Back 7

1988

Front 8

In what year did AASP establish the certified consultant guidelines? How many guidelines were passed?

Back 8

1991. Over 400 guidelines were passed

Front 9

From 2001-present, what has been happening in the field of sport psych?

Back 9

Graduate programs are on the rise, more specializations for exercise, performance and military psych.

Front 10

What are the three sport psych orientations?

Back 10

Psychophysiological, social-psychological and cognitive-behavioral

Front 11

What different fields is sport psych very similar to?

Back 11

Sports medicine, sport sociology and social psychology

Front 12

What is sport psychology?

Back 12

It is the study of psychological factors that affect performance (athlete's anxiety, coaches' reinforcement). It is also the study of the impact of sport participation on psychological factors

Front 13

Describe the psychophysiological orientation

Back 13

Focus on examining the physiological processes of the brain and their influences on physical activity (heart rate, brain activity and muscle action potentials)

Front 14

Describe the social-psychological orientation

Back 14

Focus on the complex interaction between the environment and one's personal makeup (i.e. coaches leadership style)

Front 15

Describe the cognitive-behavioral orientation

Back 15

Focus on thoughts or cognitions as a crucial part in determining behavior

Front 16

What are the two specialities in sport psychology?

Back 16

Clinical and educational

Front 17

What is the main difference between the two specialities?

Back 17

Clinical sport psychologists are licensed and able to treat athletes who have severe emotional disorders while educational sport psychologists are more "mental coaches"

Front 18

What is the psychodynamic approach of studying personality?

Back 18

Freud-Id, Ego, Superego. Delves into unconscious aspects of behavior. Interested in the whole person, childhood experience. Not commonly used

Front 19

What is the trait approach of studying personality?

Back 19

Personality traits are stable and enduring; staying consistent across situations. Strong likelihood of predicting behavior

Front 20

What are the big five personality traits used in the trait approach questionare?

Back 20

1) Extraversion 2) Agreeableness 3) Conscientiousness
4) Neuroticism 5) Openness

Front 21

True or False: The role of situational and environmental factor is minimal to psychologists that follow the trait approach

Back 21

True

Front 22

Name some research findings in the trait approach studies

Back 22

Male soccer players who go up for more headers have higher extraversion; Team sport athletes score high in agreeableness while individual sport athletes score high in conscientiousness

Front 23

Describe the athletic motivation inventory that was proposed by Ogilvie in 1971

Back 23

It claimed to predict guarantee athletic success by profiling an athlete's personality

Front 24

What is the gravitational hypothesis?

Back 24

Specific personality traits determine an athlete's success however, elite athletes exhibit similar profiles

Front 25

What is the change hypothesis?

Back 25

Personality changes due to sport participation

Front 26

Describe the situation approach in studying personality

Back 26

Behavior is determined largely by the situation or environment (social learning theory), modeling-observation, social reinforcement (rewarded behaviors are repeated)

Front 27

What is the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionare?

Back 27

Asks "how have you been feeling the past week including today?" Choose between 5 negative feelings: tension, depression, anger, fatigue, confusion and one positive feeling: vigor

Front 28

What is Morgan's Iceberg profile (1979)?

Back 28

Successful athletes will display the one positive mood state/mental health. Will predict which athletes will be successful

Front 29

What are some flaws in the situation approach?

Back 29

Mood states of athletes fluctuate when compared to the general population; timing is important

Front 30

Describe the interactional approach in studying personality

Back 30

Claims the situation and personality traits both impact behavior. Breaks down personality into three different levels

Front 31

What are the three personality levels in the interactional approach?

Back 31

Psychological core, typical responses, and role-related behavior

Front 32

Describe psychological core

Back 32

True attitude and values, the "real you"

Front 33

Describe typical responses

Back 33

Usual reactions and behaviors in a situation, which could reflect a person's psychological core or not

Front 34

Describe role-related behavior

Back 34

Different situations require different roles, which are influenced by the environment

Front 35

What is the difference between a state and trait measure?

Back 35

Trait measure is how a person generally feels while state measure is how a person feels in the moment

Front 36

Describe the general feeling of tests being used to help select athletes for a team

Back 36

It should not be the only factor, tests don't accurately predict future champions, and there is no cause and effect relationship

Front 37

Why do sport psychology consultants use tests/questionares?

Back 37

Athlete is unsure or has a hard time verbalizing, it's a good starting point or baseline to measure progress, quick way to get info from a large team, and see the cohesiveness of a team

Front 38

Name some of the disadvantage of using tests/questionares

Back 38

Preconceived notion about athlete, invalid tests (where and who the test was made and made for), societal expectations, personal bias of person giving the test, "athletes hate paperwork"

Front 39

Name the procedures followed for administering a test

Back 39

Sport-specific measures, trained administrator, explain purpose and who will see results (social desirability), appropriate timing, provide feedback and intra-individual analysis

Front 40

True or False: General personality scales predict behavior more reliably than do situation-specific measures.

Back 40

False