Spom Exam 2 - Musculoskeletal Pathology (In Order)

Front 1

Major causes of dwarfism

Back 1

ACHONDROPLASIA

Front 2

Impaired maturation of cartilage in the developing growth plate

Back 2

ACHONDROPLASIA

Front 3

Shortening of proximal extremities bowing of legs and lordosis

Back 3

ACHONDROPLASIA

Front 4

Brittle bone disease

Back 4

OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

Front 5

Abnormal development of type I collagen

Back 5

OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

Front 6

Multiple bone fractures and Multiple bone fractures

Back 6

OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

Front 7

Blue sclera

Back 7

OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

Front 8

Decrease in bone mass

Back 8

OSTEOPOROSIS

Front 9

Structural changes lead to increased bone fragility

Back 9

OSTEOPOROSIS

Front 10

estrogen deficiency may increase bone loss and decrease bone synthesis

Back 10

OSTEOPOROSIS

Front 11

Genetic factors: VDR molecule

Back 11

OSTEOPOROSIS

Front 12

Calcium and Vitamin D needed to prevent

Back 12

OSTEOPOROSIS

Front 13

Loss of bone

Back 13

OSTEOPOROSIS

Front 14

Boney trabeculae thinner and more widely separated

Back 14

OSTEOPOROSIS

Front 15

Effects femoral necks and vertebrae

Back 15

OSTEOPOROSIS

Front 16

Decreased serum calcium or phosphate and decreased levels of vit D

Back 16

OSTEOMALACIA-RICKETS

Front 17

In children with open epiphyseal plates produces cup shaped deformity on x ray and Accumulation of unmineralized bone by defective mineralization

Back 17

OSTEOMALACIA-RICKETS

Front 18

Activates osteoclasts and thus bone resorption and Calcium mobilization

Back 18

PARATHYROID HORMONE

Front 19

Increased resorption of calcium by renal tubules

Back 19

PARATHYROID HORMONE

Front 20

Increased synthesis of vitamin D

Back 20

PARATHYROID HORMONE

Front 21

Bone resorption and Replacement of bone by loose connective tissue

Back 21

HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

Front 22

Primary : autonomous secretion and Secondary: chronic renal insufficiency

Back 22

HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

Front 23

Bacteria involved in Osteomyelitis?

Back 23

mostly staphlococcus aureus,may be e.Coli, klebsiella or proteus

Front 24

Sickle cell patients often get osteomyelitis from what condition?

Back 24

Salmonella

Front 25

Newborns often get osteomyelitis from what condition?

Back 25

H. Influenza

Front 26

Intravenous Drug Users often get osteomyelitis from what condition?

Back 26

Pseudomonas

Front 27

Osteomyelitis associated with Tuberculosis is also called?

Back 27

Pott's Disease

Front 28

This condition can occur via hematogenous spread, direct extension from joint or tissue or traumatic injury from surgery or trauma

Back 28

Osteomyelitis

Front 29

Neutrophilic inflammation and necrosis

Back 29

Acute Osteomyelitis

Front 30

Subperiosteal abscesses or disruption of blood supply that can spread to joint capsule

Back 30

Acute Osteomyelitis

Front 31

Sequestrum of Chronic Osteomyelitis results in?

Back 31

Residual necrotic bone

Front 32

Involucrum of Chronic Osteomyelitis results in?

Back 32

Necrosis of Rim of reactive bone

Front 33

Brodies abscess of Chronic Osteomyelitis results in?

Back 33

Abscess surrounded by sclerotic bone

Front 34

Occurs in patients over 55 years old and affects lumbar sacral area, spine, pelvis, femur, or skull

Back 34

Paget's Disease

Front 35

Possible viral etiology

Back 35

Paget's Disease

Front 36

MAY DEVELOP SECONDARY OSTEOSARCOMAS

Back 36

Paget's Disease

Front 37

Most common in england, australia, and north europe

Back 37

Paget's Disease

Front 38

Osteolytic phase of paget's disease causes?

Back 38

Marrow replaced by connective tissue with osteoclasts. (Osteoclasts)

Front 39

Mixed phase of paget's disease causes?

Back 39

Bone resorption and bone formation (Osteoclasts and osteoblasts)

Front 40

Osteosclerotic phase of paget's disease causes?

Back 40

irregular bone deposition causing a mosaic pattern (osteoblasts)

Front 41

Usually asymptomatic; Serum alkaline phosphatase elevated from osteoclasts activity; Hypervascular bone lesions: warm skin, increased cardiac output

Back 41

Paget's Disease

Front 42

Enlargement of head: headaches, visual disturbances and deafness

Back 42

Paget's Disease

Front 43

Transverse fracture of long bones

Back 43

Paget's Disease

Front 44

40-50 years old, outward bone growth of flat bones of skull and face, and may protrude into sinuses

Back 44

OSTEOMAS

Front 45

Associated with Gardner’s syndrome and May cause cosmetic problems; Benign

Back 45

OSTEOMAS

Front 46

Cancerous bone tumor that arises from osteoblasts. Most common in long bones like tibia and femur

Back 46

OSTEOID OSTEOMA

Front 47

More common in males; 10-30 years old. Radiolucent nidus in central bone of femur, tibial metaphysis

Back 47

OSTEOID OSTEOMA

Front 48

High levels of prostoglandin pain relieved by aspirin

Back 48

OSTEOID OSTEOMA

Front 49

Large central nidus in spine and large bones of legs. Often painless

Back 49

OSTEOBLASTOMA

Front 50

Most common primary bone malignancy; More common in males

Back 50

OSTEOSARCOMA

Front 51

Paget's Disease often causes what other condition?

Back 51

Secondary peak of OSTEOSARCOMA

Front 52

Usually occurs in 10-25 year olds with second peak after 40; Located in metaphysis, lower femur and upper tibia

Back 52

OSTEOSARCOMA

Front 53

Malignant cells form osteoid, that extend from marrow to cortex to soft tissue to epiphysis to joint

Back 53

OSTEOSARCOMA

Front 54

Elevation of Periosteum is called?

Back 54

Codman's Triangle

Front 55

Codman's triangle occurs with what condition?

Back 55

OSTEOSARCOMA

Front 56

May have satellite nodules with what condition?

Back 56

OSTEOSARCOMA

Front 57

May destroy preexisting bone or grow around it; metastasizes via blood most commonly in lung. May spread to other bones. Lymph nodes almost never involved

Back 57

OSTEOSARCOMA

Front 58

What is the main preexisting conditions of Osteosarcoma?

Back 58

Paget's Disease

Front 59

What are other preexisting conditions of Osteosarcoma? Radiation:? Chemotherapy:? Trauma:?

Back 59

Radiation: 10 years post radiation high grade; Chemotherapy: children with retinoblastoma; Trauma does not cause but brings attention to it

Front 60

Condition that has cap of cartilage growing from surface of bone underneath and affects metaphysis, lower femur, upper tibia, and humerus

Back 60

OSTEOCHONDROMA

Front 61

Grows in opposite direction of joint?

Back 61

OSTEOCHONDROMA

Front 62

Most asymptomatic and common benign tumor of bones; may spontaneously regress; Multiple may be associated with Gardner's syndrome

Back 62

OSTEOCHONDROMA