Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Wolff's Law
|
A bone remodels it's shape according to the way force is transmitted through it.
|
|
|
Examples of intramembranous bone growth
|
bones at the top of the skull and the clavicle
|
|
|
Examples of endochondral bone (aka cartilaginous)
|
bones of skull base, all postcranial bones, including part of the clavicle
|
|
|
Nutritional considerations: Vitamin C. Why is it necessary and what does deficiency lead to?
|
necessary for proper collagen formation-- deficiency leads to scurvy
|
|
|
Vitamin D- Why is it necessary and what does deficiency lead to?
|
necessary for proper bone mineralization-- deficiency leads to rickets (in children) and osteomalacia (in adults)
|
|
|
What does an excess of parathyroid hormone lead to?
|
bone thinning
|
|
|
What does an excess of pituitary growth hormone lead to? A deficit?
|
excess-- gigantism in children, acromegaly in adults
deficit-- dwarfism in children |
|
|
Define a simple fracture
|
bone broken but not displaced
|
|
|
Define a compound fracture
|
bone breaks through the skin
|
|
|
Define comminuted fracture
|
bone is fragmented-- blood supply is usually destroyed, bone chunks become necrotic
|
|
|
Define compression fracture
|
bone collapses under compressive forces or telescopes into itself
|
|
|
Define avulsion fraction
|
tendon or ligament pulls bone away at site of attachment
|
|
|
Define greenstick fracture
|
incomplete fracture and bending of bone (common in children)
|
|
|
What are the four steps in the healing of a fracture?
|
1. Fracture hematoma formed from ruptured blood vessels.
2. Soft callus forms (mixture of spongy bone and fibrocartilage) 3. Hard callus forms by mineralization of soft callus 4. Remodeling of hard callus to mature (compact and spongy) bone |
|
|
Osteitis
|
inflammation of bone tissue caused by injury or infection
|
|
|
Periostitis
|
inflammation of periosteum caused by trauma or infection
|
|
|
osteomyelitis
|
inflammation of bone interior caused by bacteria, usually entering the bone via wound or via bloodstream
|
|
|
tuberculosis
|
can spread to the spongy bone (particuarly of the vertebral bodies) resulting in bone and joint destruction
|
|
|
osteochondroma
|
benign neoplasm (tumor)
|
|
|
osteoma
|
benign neoplasm
|
|
|
osteogenic sarcoma
|
malignant neoplasm
|
|
|
multiple myeloma
|
malignant neoplasm
|
|
|
osteoporosis
|
the reduction in bone mass due to deossification, most prevalent in middle-aged and elderly women
|
|
|
Why are women more likely to have osteoporosis?
|
1. Women have less bone mass than men.
2. Women loose bone mass sooner and faster than men do (women start loosing bone mass at age 35, men in their 60s) |
|
|
synarthrosis
|
classification of immovable joint
|
|
|
amphiarthrosis
|
slightly movable joint
|
|
|
diarthrosis
|
freely movable joint
|
|
|
fibrous joint
|
bones fasted together by thin layers of fibrous connective tissue
|
|
|
syndesmosis
|
joint consists of long fibrous band which forms interosseous ligament
(an amphiarthrosis joint) |
|
|
suture
|
joint found only between some bones of the skull- short fibrous band forms sutural ligament
(a synarthrosis joint) |
|
|
gomphosis
|
articulation between tooth root and bony socket-- short fibrous band forms periodontal ligament
(a synarthrosis joint) |
|
|
Cartilaginous joint
|
connection consists of fibrocarilage and/or hyaline cartilage
|
|
|
synchondrosis
|
bones united by band of hyaline cartilage
(a synarthrosis joint) |
|
|
symphysis
|
articular surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage, which in turn is attached to a pad of fibrocartilage
(an amphiarthrosis joint) |
|
|
synovial joint
|
space between articulating bones filled with synovial fluid
freely movable (diarthrosis) |
|
|
meniscus
|
fibrocartilage pad located between articular surfaces (shock absorbing)
|
|
|
bursa
|
closed fluid-filled sac (synovial membrane sac)
|
