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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three requirements for independent function after a spinal cord injury?
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knowledge, ability, and attitude
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What does the ant longitudinal ligament limit?
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extension
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What does the posterior longitudinal ligament limit?
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flexion
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Why is the cervical spine more vulnerable to trauma?
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poor mechanical stability
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What happens in a flexion injury of the c-spine and what is the damage?
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vertebral column is compressed ant and distracted post. The damage occurs at the post ligamentous complex and possible wedge fx anteriorly
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What is a teardrop fx and what does is cause?
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fragment is split from vertebral body anteriorly. There is severe ligamentous disruption and posteriorly displaced boney fragments can get into neural canal.
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What does flexion with rotation injury cause at the c-spine?
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results in dislocation and locking of a single facet. Could result in unilateral facet dislocation and brown sequard syndrome
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What does vertical compression injury at the c-spine cause? What is an example of this injury?
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axial loading causes burst fx commonly at C4/5 resulting in complete tetraplegia. Example: hitting head on bottom of the pool.
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WHat does an extension injury of the c-spine cause? What is an example?
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distraction ant and compression post common at C4/5 fx vertebral arch and dislocate. Example: striking chin or forehead in fall/
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What population does hyperextension injuries affect? What happens?
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Elderly. Osteophytes project post and impinge upon the spinal cord.
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Why are thoracic injuries less likely to occur?
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There is mechanical stability and there is a great amount of force needed to damage.
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Why do thoracic injuries often end up as complete?
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Because of poor vascular supply
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Why are lumbar injuries less likely than c-spine?
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intermediate stability, supported by strong paraspinals and abdominals.
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Why are lumbar injuries often incomplete?
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relatively good blood supply and large canal area.
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How do spinal cord injuries occur?
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spinal hematoma, RA, infection, arachnoiditis, radiation, spondylosis, neoplasm, inerruption of cord's cascular supply due to surgery, cardiac arrest, or aortic aneurysm.
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What are secondary reactions to spinal cord damage?
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ischemia, edema, demyelination of axons, necrosis of the spinal cord
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How does tissue distruction occur?
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spreads outwardly into white matter, axons peripherally are more likely to survive, but nonfxnal due to demyelination
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What is spinal shock?
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transient occurs after trauma the cord temporarily ceases to fxn below the level of the lesion. Spinal reflexes, voluntary morote and sensory fxn, and autonomic controls are absent
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What is neurological return?
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resumption of voluntary motor fxn/sensation that has been lost. It is NOT reflexive fxn such as spasticity.
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What is nerve root return?
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resumed fxn or regeneration of nerve roots that were damaged initially.
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What are changes in neural activity during nerve root return?
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activation or previously inactive neurons, increased sensitivity of receptors to NT, increased density of receptors in postsynaptic neurons, and altered responsiveness of neurons below the lesion.
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What are predictors of return after a spinal cord injury?
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spared motor fxn below lesion and pin prick sensation in sacral area
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What is zone of partial preservation?
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refers to partial sparing of sensory and or motor fxn in segments caudal to neurologic level only in complete injuries.
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What is brown sequard syndrome?
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one side of cord damaged and exhibit more severe motor and proprioceptive deficits and spasticity on the side of the lesion (ipsilateral) and sensitivity to pin prick and temperature loss contralaterally.
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