Spinal Cord And Spinal Nerves Educational Objectives

Front 1

Name the gross anatomy features of spinal cord

Back 1

Cervical enlargement, lumbar enlargement, medullary cone, cauda equina, anterior (ventral) median fissure, posterior (dorsal) median sulcus

Front 2

Describe the cervical enlargment

Back 2

C4 to T1, in inferior cervical region, where it gives rise to nerves of the upper limbs

Front 3

Describe lumbar enlargement

Back 3

T9 to T12, lumbosacral region, where it gives rise to nerves of the pelvic region and lower limbs

Front 4

Describe medullary cone

Back 4

tapered distal end of spinal cord

Front 5

Describe cauda equina

Back 5

bundle of nerve roots that occupy the vertebral canal from L2 TO S5; resembles a horse's tail; innervates the pelvic organs and lower limbs.

Front 6

Describe the anterior (ventral) median fissure

Back 6

longitudinal groove of cord on anterior side, wider and deeper than posterior

Front 7

Describe the posterior (dorsal) median sulcus

Back 7

longitudinal groove of cord on posterior side

Front 8

outermost to innermost the spinal meninges and spaces that surround spinal cord

Back 8

Epidural space> dura mater> arachnoid > subarachnoid space > pia mater

Front 9

Tissue of epidural space

Back 9

filled with fat and CT

Front 10

Tissue of dura mater

Back 10

dense irregular CT

Front 11

Tissue of arachnoid

Back 11

avascular, modified loose CT w/ weblike extensions of collagen and elastic fibers

Front 12

tissue of subarachnoid space

Back 12

filled with cerebralspinal fluid made by ependymal cells

Front 13

tissue of pia mater

Back 13

collagen + few elastic fibers

Front 14

Location of a skeletal motor neuron's cell body

Back 14

ventral (Anterior) horn

Front 15

location of motor axon

Back 15

ventral root

Front 16

location of cardiac and smooth muscle motor neuron bodies

Back 16

lateral horn

Front 17

location of general sensory neuron cell body

Back 17

dorsal root ganglion

Front 18

location of sensory axon

Back 18

dorsal root

Front 19

Ascending tracts carry _____________ information _____________ the cord

Back 19

sensory; up.

Front 20

SPINOthalamic is what tract

Back 20

ascending

Front 21

Descending tracts conduct ___________ impulses ________ the cord

Back 21

motor; down

Front 22

TectoSPINAL is what tract

Back 22

descending

Front 23

What are the functions of the spinal cord

Back 23

Conduction pathway (white matter)

Integration centers (gray matter)

Locomotion

Front 24

What are the 5 components of the reflex arc

Back 24

Somatic (Sensory) receptors, sensory neuron, integrating center, motor neuron, and effecter

Front 25

Describe somatic receptors (sensory)

Back 25

in the skin, muscle or tendon; sensory

Front 26

describe Sensory neuron

Back 26

Posterior root, afferent

carry information from sensory receptors into the posterior horn of the spinal cord

Front 27

describe integrating center

Back 27

gray matter

neuron pool of spinal cord or brainstem determine what signal to send to the muscle

Front 28

describe motor neuron

Back 28

anterior root; efferent

originates in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and carry motor impulses to the skeletal muscles

Front 29

describe effecter

Back 29

skeletal muscles; carry out response

Front 30

Two structures that join to form a spinal nerve

Back 30

dorsal root + ventral root

Front 31

Name of the 2 branches of a spinal nerve

Back 31

dorsal and ventral rami

Front 32

spinal nerves are ___________ nerves

Back 32

mixed; having both sensory and motor

Front 33

The posterior ramus innervates the

Back 33

muscles and joint in that region of the spine and skin of the back

Front 34

the anterior ramus, the largest, innervates the

Back 34

anterior and lateral skin and muscles of the trunk and gives rise to nerves of the limbs

Front 35

Types of spinal nerves

Back 35

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal

Front 36

Number of cervical spinal nerves

Back 36

8

Front 37

number of thoracic spinal nerves

Back 37

12

Front 38

number of lumbar spinal nerves

Back 38

5

Front 39

number of sacral spinal nerves

Back 39

5

Front 40

number of coccygeal spinal nerves

Back 40

1

Front 41

How many total pairs of spinal nerves

Back 41

31

Front 42

Define a dermatome

Back 42

area of skin providing sensory input to a given nerve

Front 43

clinical importance of dermatome

Back 43

Spinal nerve damage is assessed by testing the dermatomes with pinpricks and noting areas in which the patient has no sensation. Clinically useful, but nerves do overlap.