(223)Spinal Cord And Spinal Nerves

Front 1

The gate way to the brain

Back 1

The spinal cord

Front 2

Besides the cranial nerves, how else is the information going to be able to get into the brain ?

Back 2

The spinal cord

Front 3

The spinal nerves are part of the

Back 3

PNS

Front 4

The spinal cord has the ability to do what?

Back 4

Has the ability to do some integration. A lot of times it's just reflexes

Front 5

What's the integration?

Back 5

The integration is just where the connection to the motor output is happening at the level of the Spinal cord

Front 6

In adults the Spinal cord ends around:

Back 6

L 1 - L2

( a little lower in children)

Front 7

Cauda equina

Back 7

The part where all of the Spinal nerves are branching off forming a tail

Front 8

Conus medullaris

Back 8

The end of the Spinal cord ( the very tip of the Spinal cord)

Front 9

What are the 4 regions of the Spinal cord?

Back 9

• Cervical (8)

• Thoracic (12)

• Lumbar (5)

• Sacral (5)

Front 10

Why does the Spinal cord have the cervical enlargement and lumbosacral enlargement?

Back 10

Because it's receiving alot of signals. (That's exactly where the nerves are coming in and exiting to control your appendages)

Front 11

What is the Lumbosacral enlargement for ?

Back 11

Controlling your legs

Front 12

What is the cervical enlargement for?

Back 12

Controlling your arms

Front 13

You have a lot of _____ that make the Spinal cord wider in those enlargements.

Back 13

Interneurons

Front 14

How long is the Spinal cord?

Back 14

40 to 50 cm long

Front 15

How many pairs of spinal nerves?

Back 15

31 pairs

Front 16

What's the Filum terminale?

Back 16

Is connective tissue that is pulling on that conus medullaris providing longitudinal support to the Spinal cord

Front 17

How is the Spinal cord and the brain protected?

Back 17

They are both protected with the Meninges

Front 18

The meninges are:

Back 18

Dura Mater

Arachnoid Mater

Pia Mater

Front 19

The Dura Mater

Back 19

The most superficial and thickest.

Made of dense irregular connective tissue.

Front 20

The arachnoid mater

Back 20

The middle layer. Avascular layer. Thin. Does not deep into the sulci(sulcus). Has collagen and elastic fibers

Front 21

The Pia Mater

Back 21

Innermost layer. Does deep into the Sulci. Thin transparent layer. Vascular. Blood vessels. Has extensions called denticulate ligaments.

Front 22

Meningeal spaces

Back 22

• Epidural Space (above the dura)

• Subdural space (bellow the dura)

• Subarachoid space (bellow the arachnoid)

Front 23

Most of the the cerebrospinal fluid is located in the:

Back 23

Subarachnoid Space

Front 24

Anesthetics can be injected into which Meningeal space?

Back 24

Epidural Space

Front 25

White matter of the Spinal cord

Back 25

Contains Myelin Sheat. For information to travel up and down the Spinal cord. (ascending and descending)

Front 26

Gray matter of the Spinal cord

Back 26

For your connections. Contains cell bodies, interneurons. Forms and H in the middle

Front 27

Connections between the 2 sides of the horns are called

Back 27

Commissures

Front 28

Commissures is:

Back 28

How information crosses from one side of the Spinal cord to the other

Front 29

Which commissure will be utilize if stepping on tack to be able to extend the other leg?

Back 29

Gray commissure

Front 30

The central canal is

Back 30

The hole in the middle of the Spinal cord. (For CSF) surrounded by gray matter

Front 31

Dorsal root ganglion

Back 31

Sensory information

(Contains the cell bodies)

Front 32

Anterior Ventral Root

Back 32

Motor information

Front 33

Where are the lateral horns located ?

Back 33

Located in the thoracic and the beginning of the lumbar segment

Front 34

What are the lateral horns for?

Back 34

Sympathetic motor nuclei.

Front 35

When the spinal nerve is carrying both motor and sensory information it's called?

Back 35

Mix nerve

Front 36

Posterior gray horn handles what kind of information?

Back 36

Sensory information

Front 37

Anterior gray horn handles what kind of information?

Back 37

Motor information

Front 38

Lateral gray horn handles what kind of information?

Back 38

Sympathetic information

Front 39

Map of the nerves that supply the skin that is innervaded by the different spinal nerves.

Back 39

Dematome map

Front 40

Why is shingles only on one side of the body?

Back 40

it's one dorsal root ganglion that's harvesting the virus. So is going to travel down that nerve and the problem is only going to be on that one side.

Front 41

Where are nerve tracks located ?

Back 41

Within the white columns

Front 42

What do ascending nerve tracts carry?

Back 42

Carry sensory signals to the brain

Front 43

What do descending nerve tracts Carry?

Back 43

Carry motor information down the Spinal cord

Front 44

Descussation

Back 44

When nerves cross over and go to the other side

Front 45

Where does most of our descussation happen?

Back 45

In the brainstem around the medulla oblongata

Front 46

When we talk about reflexes we use the words :

Back 46

Contralateral and ipsilateral

Front 47

Contralateral

Back 47

When the origin happens on one side of the body but the destination in the end of that reflex ends on the opposite side of the body.

Front 48

Ipsilateral

Back 48

When the origin and destination are on the same side of the body.

Front 49

Give an Example for contralateral.

Back 49

Stepping on a tack with my right side but it also causes my left side to extend so I could shift my weight.

Front 50

Give an Example of ipsilateral.

Back 50

Touching the stove with the right hand and it's hot. You pull away that same hand. I sensed it on that side and it caused motor on that side.

Front 51

What are the 4 important properties about reflexes?

Back 51

• reflexes require stimulation

• reflexes are quick

• reflexes are involuntary

• reflexes are stereotyped

Front 52

Sensory neuron can also be called

Back 52

Afferent neuron

Front 53

Motor neuron can also be called

Back 53

Efferent neuron

Front 54

What does it mean when the reflexes are somatic?

Back 54

Skeletal muscles

Front 55

Are skeletal muscles the only thing that can be involved in a reflex?

Back 55

No

Front 56

Besides sketeletal muscles, what else can be involved I a reflex?

Back 56

Glands, cardiac muscles, smooth muscles.

Front 57

Why we don't want muscle to be over stretch?

Back 57

You want to maintain muscle tone, optimal resting length , and you don't want it to pull it too tight so that way you tear the muscle fibers

Front 58

Muscle spindles

Back 58

They are measuring the tenisity or how stretched that muscle fiber is.

Front 59

Stretch reflex

Back 59

We have these things called muscle spindles that are going to wrap around the muscle fiber to sense how stretched a muscle is.

Front 60

Reciprocal innervation

Back 60

Prevents conflict between antagonist muscles.

Front 61

Head tips when falling asleep?

Back 61

(Reflex)You let it stretch too fast , too quickly

Front 62

Golgi tendon reflex

Back 62

Similar to a muscle spindle but it's in the tendon.

It's measuring the tautness of the tendo.

So for the same reason you don't want your muscles to be over stretched you don't want your tendons to be over stretched.

Front 63

Withdraw reflex

Back 63

The reason we will need to withdraw a body part is usually in response to pain. You step on a tack or you touch something that is really hot. You need to quickly move away so that way you don't further injure your self.

Front 64

Parralel after discharge circuit

Back 64

Removing your foot and than feeling the pain

Front 65

Intersegmental

Back 65

Different axons or nerves exit at different levels of the Spinal cord

Front 66

Cross Extensor reflex

Back 66

Is going to pair the withdrawal reflex with the cross extensor reflex

Front 67

Spinal nerves

Back 67

Contain sensory information, motor, or both( mixed )

Front 68

Brachial plexus (if damaged )

Back 68

Worry about paralysis