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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of spinal cord |
Conduction (info up and down body) Locomotion (walking) Reflexes |
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Structure of spinal cord |
Medullary cone Cauda equina Cervical enlargements (where cord thickens) Lumbar enlargements |
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Medullary cone |
End of the spinal cord |
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Spinal meninges |
Three layers: Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater
Connective Tissue membranes Protect nervous tissue, anchor it in place |
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Dura mater |
Tough collagen fibers; forms a loose-fitting sheath around the spinal cord. (Epidural space, epidural anesthesia) |
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Arachnoid mater |
Adheres to the inside of the dura. Leaves no space, only potential space. Subarachnoid space is between dura and arachnoid. Contains CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) |
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Ependymal cells |
Produce CSF |
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Pia mater |
Delicate membrane that adheres to the spinal cord
Denticulate ligaments (fibers that attach to dura mater, attach cord, limit lateral movement) Terminal filum (inferior end of pia mater) Spinal tap |
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Types of nervous tissue in spinal chord |
Gray matter Little myelin, somas, dendrites, synapses White matter Myelinated axons, bundles of axons that carry messages up and down the spinal cord. |
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Gray matter |
H-shaped in cross section Posterior and anterior horns in all, lateral horns in lumber and thoracic region
Gray commissure - area where two sides come together in center Poliomyelitis - virus attacks motor neurons in brainstem and anterior horns |
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White matter (ASCENDING TRACTS) |
Carry sensory info up to brain |
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White matter (DESCENDING TRACTS) |
Carry motor information down |
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Decussation |
Tracts cross over to the other side of the body; left side controls right side |
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Structure of spinal nerves |
Endondeurium (nerve fiber) Perineurium (fascicles) Epineurium (nerve) |
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Proximal root of spinal cord |
Two parts: Posterior root (sensory) (Posterior root ganglion) Anterior root (motor) Both exit and branch into: posterior ramus, anterior ramus, meningeal branch |
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Distal branch of the spinal cord |
Two parts Posterior ramus - skin of back, muscles and joints of spine.
Anterior ramus - has 5 branches. Intercostal nerve
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Cervical plexus |
Phrenic nerve- diaphragm, ear, neck |
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Brachial plexus |
Upper limbs, neck, shoulder Nerves: Axillary Musculocutaneous Radial Ulnar Median |
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Lumbar plexus |
Hip, anterior thigh Femoral nerve |
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Sacro-coccygeal plexus |
Pelvic and gluteal muscles, lower limbs.
Sciatic nerve Tibial nerve Common fibula |
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Dermatome |
Skin from which spinal nerves receive sensory input. |
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Visceral reflex |
Glands, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle. Controlled by ANS |
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Somatic reflex |
Skeletal muscle Controlled by somatic nerve system |
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Paraplegia |
Paralysis of both lower limbs |
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Quadriplegia |
Paralysis of all four limbs. |
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Hemiplegia |
Paralysis of one half of the body (stroke) |
