Spinal Cord And Peripheral Nerves

Front 1

Multiple Sclerosis

Back 1

Autoimmune disorder in which the lymphocytes attack the myelin proteins

Front 2

Upper Motor Neurons

Back 2

Arise from the voluntary motor area of the cortex

Front 3

All conscious sensation

Back 3

Travels to the thalmus before going to another location

Front 4

Epindural Space

Back 4

Located between the bony vertebrae and the dural sheath and filled with a padding of fat and a network of veins

Front 5

Posterior median suleus

Back 5

Posteriour fissure of the spinal cord

Front 6

Meninges have ______ layers, 1)_______, 2)________, 3)________

Back 6

3
dura mater (outer layer)
arachnoid (middle)
pia mater (inner)

Front 7

An _________ injection of anesthetic is placed immediately outside the dura mater

Back 7

epidural

Front 8

Lumbar Plexus includes

Back 8

Genitofermoral, Obturator, and formal

Front 9

Sacrul Plexus includes

Back 9

Gluteal nerves, Sciatic nerve

Front 10

Perineurium

Back 10

Outer covering (sheath) around each fascisles or nerve bundles

Front 11

Paraplegic

Back 11

The impairment or loss of motor or sensory function in thoracis, lumbar, or sacral. Neurological segements secondary to damage of the spinal cord

Front 12

Subdural Space

Back 12

Space between the arachnoid mater and the dura mater

Front 13

Genitofermoral

Back 13

Nerves to the exernal genitallia

Front 14

Gluteal nerves (superior and inferior)

Back 14

Superior innervates the gluteus medius and minimus, inferior innervates the gluteus maximus

Front 15

Endoneurium

Back 15

outer covering around individual nerve fibers

Front 16

Quadriplegia

Back 16

Motor/Sensory function in the cervical spinal segments are impaired or lost dure to damage to the spinal cord. Loss of use of arms, legs, and pelvic organs

Front 17

Decending tracts are?

Back 17

Coriticospinal, Extrapyramidals, and lateral coriticospinal

Front 18

Conus medullaris

Back 18

Spinal Cord Terminus

Front 19

The subarachnoid space contains _______ as does the ___________ space

Back 19

cerebrospinal fluid

supdural

Front 20

Obturator

Back 20

Nerves to the adductor muscles

Front 21

Spinocerebellar tract

Back 21

Spinal cord to cerebellum-unconscious muscle sense (proprioception. Constantly recieves muscle stretch, contractions, etc.

Front 22

Filum terminate

Back 22

Meningeal extension beyond the spinal cord terminus

Front 23

Cerebrospinal fluid

Back 23

Found in and around the spinal cord and brain

Front 24

Anterior median fissure

Back 24

Anterior fissure of the spinal cord

Front 25

_________ a collection of cell bodies located outside the CNS

Back 25

ganglion

Front 26

The spinal ______ or dorsal ______ contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons entering the spinal cord at that region

Back 26

Ganglia

Ganglia

Front 27

Fermoral

Back 27

Innervates the skin and muscles of upper thigh, including the quadriceps

Front 28

Epineurium

Back 28

Outer covering (sheath) around the nerve bundles

Front 29

Names of Motor Tracts

Back 29

Start with the part of the brain (orginator)e.g. corticospinal - starts in the cerebral cortex

Front 30

Extrapyramidal tracts

Back 30

Rubrospinal, Vestibulospinal (etc) - muscle tone and balance

Front 31

Spinothalmic Tract

Back 31

Spinal cord to thalmus and cerebral cortex - pain, temperature, crude touch, and pressure

Front 32

Foramen Magnum

Back 32

Most superior boundry of the spinal cord

Front 33

Largest of the nerve bundles of the lumbar plexus

Back 33

Femoral

Front 34

Fascicles

Back 34

Bundles of nerve fibers or axons

Front 35

White Matter fibers are surrounded by?

Back 35

Oligodendrocytes

Front 36

Fasciculus Gracilis & Cuneates

Back 36

Spinal cord to cerebral cortex - conscious propioception and discrimative touch

Front 37

Dentculate ligament

Back 37

Saw-toothed shelves of pia mater, which secure the spinal cord to the bony wall of the vertebral column along its length

Front 38

The spinal nerve contains the fibers of the ______ and _____ neurons?

Back 38

Sensory

Motor

Front 39

A nerve does not contain any _____

Back 39

Cell bodies

Front 40

The cell bodies of nerves are located in _____ or in the _____ matter.

Back 40

Ganglion (sensory)

Gray (motor)

Front 41

The ganglion contains the cell bodies of the _____ nerves.

Back 41

Sensory

Front 42

The gray matter contains the cell bodies of the _____ nerves.

Back 42

Motor

Front 43

______ a group of fibers inside the CNS.

Back 43

Tract

Front 44

Each plexus gives rise to new combinations of fibers as the _____.

Back 44

Peripheral Nerves

Front 45

Cervical Plexus

Back 45

The phrenic nerve travels through the thorax to innervate the diaphram.

Front 46

____ innervates the diaphragm?

Back 46

Phrenic nerve

Front 47

Brachail Plexus includes:

Back 47

Axillery nerve, Musculocutaneous nerve, Radial nerve, Median nerve, Ulnar nerve

Front 48

Axillary nerve

Back 48

Innervates the deltoid muscle and shoulder along the posterior aspect of the upper arm.

Front 49

Musculocutaneous nerve

Back 49

Innervates anterior skin of upper arm and elbow flexors.

Front 50

Radial nerve

Back 50

Innervates dorsal aspect of the arm and extensors of the elbow, wrist, and fingers, abduction of thumb.

Front 51

Median nerve

Back 51

Innervates the middle elbow, wrist, and finger flexors, adducts the thumb.

Front 52

Ulnar nerve

Back 52

Innervates the medical aspect wrist and fingers flexors.

Front 53

The spinal cord ends at _____?

Back 53

Second lumbar vertebra

Front 54

Cauda equina

Back 54

The bundle of nerve roots which extend past the end of the spinal cord.

Front 55

Removing cerebrospinal fluid is accomplished at _____?

Back 55

The sac of meninges below the conus medullaris.

Front 56

Dermatomes

Back 56

Somatic or musculocutaneous areas served by fibers from specific spinial nerves.

Front 57

The map of Dermatomes?

Back 57

Is very useful in diagnosing the origin of certain somatic pain, numbness, tingling etc. When these symptoms are caused by pressure or inflamaion of the spinal cord or nerve roots.

Front 58

Referred pain

Back 58

Caused when the sensory fibers from an internal organ enter the spinal cord in the same root as fibers from a dermatome. The brain is poor at interpreting visceral pain and interprets as it as pain. (somatic area of the dermatome)

Front 59

A _____ is an interconnection of fibers which form new combinations.

Back 59

Plexus

Front 60

What are the 4 voluntary plexuses?

Back 60

Cervical plexus, brfachial plexus, lumbar plexus, and sacral plexus

Front 61

Spinal tracts are always located in the ________ matter.

Back 61

White

Front 62

_____ an area of unmylinated neurons where cell bodies and synapses are located.

Back 62

Gray Matter

Front 63

An area of mylinated fibers in the CNS which contain fiber tracts.

Back 63

White Matter

Front 64

Cell bodies of the ____ and _____ neurons are found in the _____ matter.

Back 64

Interneurons

motor

Gray

Front 65

At _____ places along the spinal cord the dorsal and ventral roots come together to form _____.

Back 65

31

Spinal Nerves

Front 66

Spinal nerves contain both _____ and _____ fibers, as do most nerves.

Back 66

Sensory

Motor

Front 67

There are 8 _____, 12 _____, 5 _____, 5 _____, and 1 _____ nerves.

Back 67

Cervical
Thoracis
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal

Front 68

Nerve C1 arises between the _____ and _____ (1st cervical vertebra) and C8 arises between the 7th _____ and 1st ______ vertebra.

Back 68

Cranium

Atlas

Cervical

Thoracic

Front 69

The spinal cord is?

Back 69

The connection center for the reflexes as well as the afferent(sensory) and efferent(motor) pathways for the body below the neck.

Front 70

The spinal cord begins _____ and ends _____?

Back 70

Brainstem

Second lumbar vertabra

Front 71

Sensory neurons have their cell bodies in the ____ of the spinal cord.

Back 71

Spinal (dorsal root) ganglion

Front 72

The axons of sensory neurons travel from the dorsal root into the _____ matter of the spinal cord.

Back 72

Gray

Front 73

The axons of motor neurons travel through cord through the _____ root.

Back 73

Ventral

Front 74

The white matter contains the _____ which ascend and descend the spinal cord.

Back 74

Spinal tracts

Front 75

Nodes of Ranvier are?

Back 75

Gaps between the schwann cells

Front 76

Nodes of Ranvier permit?

Back 76

An impulse to travel faster because it doesn't need to depolarize each ara of a membrane, just the nodes. (saltatory conduction)

Front 77

Regeneration of PNS fibers depends on?

Back 77

-Damage must be far from the cell body
-Amount of axoplasm lost
-Mylein sheath and neurilemma tunnel must be intact
-Macrohages must be present and phgocytize protiens

Front 78

Anterograde degeneration

Back 78

Degeneration destroys the axon distal to the point of damage.

Front 79

Retrograde degeneration

Back 79

Causes the fiber to degenerate for a distance back toward the cell body.

Front 80

Spinal tracts are located in the _____?

Back 80

White matter of the spinal cord

Front 81

Ascending tracts

Back 81

Travel up the spinal cord to the brain (sensory tracts)

Front 82

Descending tracts

Back 82

Travel down the spinal cord away from the brain (motor tracts)

Front 83

Sensory tract names start with _____ and end at _____?

Back 83

-Start with spino,

-Part of the brain where the tract leads (eg. spinothalamic tract)

Front 84

The ______ supplies buoyancy for the spinal cord and brain to help provide shock absorption.

Back 84

Cerebrospinal fluid

Front 85

A _____ removes a section to relieve pressure and pain.

Back 85

Laminectomy

Front 86

The meningeal sack below the end of the spinal cord at L2 can be used to withdraw _____ (a lumbar tap) without risking damage to the cord.

Back 86

Cerebrospinal fluid

Front 87

The cauda equina means _____ in Latin.

Back 87

Horses tail

Front 88

Ascending Tracts are?

Back 88

Sinocerebellar, spinothalmic, Fasciculus Gracilis & Cuneates

Front 89

Beneath the dura layer o the meninges is the __________ which has a ________ consistancy

Back 89

arachnoid

spider web

Front 90

Cauda equina

Back 90

Collecton of spinal nerves traveling in the vertibral canal below the terminus of the spinal cord

Front 91

Coriticospinal Tract

Back 91

From cerebral cortex to spinal cord motor neurons - voluntary motor control (pyramidal)

Front 92

Lateral Corticospinal tract

Back 92

Fibers crossover in the pyramids of medulla - control muscles on opposite sides

Front 93

Myelin sheaths does?

Back 93

Provide insulation, provide faster conduction, provides for the possibility or repairs to PNS fibers (CNS fibers do not mend they form scar tissue)

Front 94

Sciatic nerve

Back 94

Consists of the tibial and peroneal, innervates most of the leg including the flexors of the knee, part of the adductor magnus for plantar flexion, dorisflexion, and other movements of the foot and toes

Front 95

Subarachnoid Space

Back 95

Area between arachnoid mater and the pia mater

Front 96

Spinal tracts carry information up or down the ______ to or from the ______.

Back 96

Spinal cord

Brain

Front 97

_____ matter surrounds gray matter in the spinal cord.

Back 97

White

Front 98

____________ surrounds the spinal cord an the brain

Back 98

Meniges