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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the SC consist of
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gray matter involved in reflexes, 'A' & 'D' nerve tracts that conducts impulses to & from the brain, and meninges
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SC extends from where to where? 31 paired spinal nerves extends where?
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SC: foramen magnum to L1;
SN: through intervertebral foramina laterally from C1-S5 |
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Where are the cervical and lumbar enlargements located?
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Cervical: C3-T2
Lumbar: T9-T12 |
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What is the conus medullaris
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tapering, terminal SC portion at T12
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What is the filum terminale composed of? Where does it extends from and to
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composed of mostly pia mater; extends inferiorly from conus medullaris from L1-Coccyx
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What is the cauda equina? Where does it radiate from and to
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nerve rootlets radiate inferiorly from the conus medullaris through the vertebral canal
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What is the gray matter core composed of?
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nerve cell bodies, neuroglia, and interneurons (unmyelinated association neurons)
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What does the paired posterior, anterior, and lateral horns contain or house?
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Post: axons of sensory neurons
Ant: house cell bodies of somatic motor neurons Lat: contain cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons |
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What does the gray and white commissure connect?
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Gray: paired horns across center of SC
White: white matter or left & right sides of SC |
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Name the ascending and descending tracts
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Ascending: fasciulus gracilis & cuneatus, ant & lat spinothalmic, and ant & post spinocerebellar
Descending: ant & lat corticospinal, vestibulospinal, and med & lat reticulospinal |
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Where does the fasciulus gracilis & cuneatus conduct impulses from? Where are they relayed to?
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proprioceptors in skin, upper limbs, trunk & neck to MO, then relayed to thalamus, then to cerebral somatosensory cortex
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What/where does the ant & lat spinothalmic conduct impulses for/to? Where are they relayed to?
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touch, pressure, pain, & temp. to thalamus, then relayed to cerebral somatosensory cortex
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Where does the ant & post spinocerebellar conduct impulses from and to? For what purpose?
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trunk & lower limb proprioceptors to cerebellum for muscle coordination
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What does only the ant & lat corticospinal do (hint: is in the MO)? Where does it conduct impulses from and to? For what purpose
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decussate; conduct impulses from cerebral motor cortex to spinal nerves for voluntary skeletal muscle movements
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Where does the vestibulospinal conduct impulses from? What does it control? For what reason?
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vestibular nucleus that receives impulses for balance from the inner ear; controls limb muscles to help maintain balance & posture
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What does the med & lat reticulospinal conduct impulses from?
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reticular formation (between pons & MO) that control posture & balance
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How does sensory nerves enter the SC? How does motor nerves leave?
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Sensory nerves enter via the dorsal root ganglion
Motor nerves leave via the ventral root |
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What are rami? What are the 2 types of rami?
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branches of spinal nerves; dorsal & ventral ramus
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Functions of the dorsal & ventral ramus?
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Dorsal: serves deep muscles & skin of dorsal trunk
Ventral: serves muscles & structures of upper & lower limbs and lat. & vent trunk |
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What does ventral rami spinal cords form? What does it include?
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plexuses (nerve networks); includes: cervical, brachial, lumbar, & sacral plexuses
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What are the intercostal nerves?
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ventral rami of spinal nerves T2-T12
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Where are the sympathetic trunk ganglia? Where does it extend from and to?
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they lie in vertical rows on both sides of the vertebral column; extends from base of skull to coccyx
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How is a lumbar puncture performed? Why?
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inserting a needle between L3 & L4 to withdraw CSF from subarachnoid space for analysis
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Where is the epidural anesthesia injected into? Why?
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epidural space of lumbar region or spine to ease trauma of child birth
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What can spina bifida cause? How can it be prevented?
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cause neurological problems; prevented by adequate folic acid in mother's diet
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What is spina bifida cystica?
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sac-like protrusion of skin & underlying meninges that may contain portions of the SC and roots
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Where is spina bifida cystica most common? What can it lead to if left untreated?
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lower thoracic, lumbar, & sacrum; lead to hydrocephalus & paralysis
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Where is the damage to the spinal cord that causes paraplegia and quadraplegia
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Paraplegia: T1-L2
Quadraplegia: cervical region |
