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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Transnational definition of communication |
Refers to the act of two or more people send and receiving messages through a variety of channels that occur within an environment and are distorted by noise and leads to some effect. |
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How are ethics and communication connected? |
Communication has consequences and effects that involve the decision of right and wrong |
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Type of communication |
*Intrapersonal *Interpersonal *Organizational *Small Group *Mass *Public |
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Functions of communication |
*Physical needs *Identity needs *Social needs *Practical needs |
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Competent Communicator |
Achieve one's goals in a manner that ideally maintains or enhances the relationship in which the communication occurs. |
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Characteristics of competent communicator |
*wide range of behaviors *skill at preforming behavior *empathy *cognitive complexity *self-monitoring *know communication is irreversible |
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What is self-concept? |
Relatively stable set of perceptions each of us hold about ourselves. |
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What is reflected appraisal? |
Absorbing what one's significant others thoughts about us are. |
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What is self-esteem? |
Our evaluation of self-worth. |
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Effects of culture on self-concept |
The values, attitudes, etc that we grow up with has an effect on how you may view yourself. |
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Self-fulfilling prophecy |
When a person's expectation of an event makes the outcome more likely than would otherwise be true. |
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What does it mean when perception is a creative art? |
The senses are all taken in and then wired to your own brain. |
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Influences on perception |
*physiological *culture *sex/gender *occupational role *relational roles |
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What are common perceptual tendencies? |
*Stereotyping *Self-serving bias *Favoring negative impression over positive *Influences by what is most obvious *Cling to first impression |
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Sympathy v. Empathy |
Sympathy: feeling of sorrow for other persons Empathy: statement summarizing facts and feelings |
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What are the 3 steps to perception checking? |
1) Describe behavior that worries you 2) 2 possible interpretation of behavior 3) Request for clarification |
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Impression management |
*reprieved self *presentation of self |
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Define culture |
Shared beliefs, values, language traditions, and customs. |
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Co-culture |
*age *race *sexual orientation *language *traditions |
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Salience |
How much weight we attach to cultural characteristics |
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Individualism v. Collectivism |
Individualism: Primary responsibility to themselves Collectivism: Loyalty and obligation to community |
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High Context |
Relies heavily on subtle, nonverbal clues to maintain social harmony |
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Low Context
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Use language to primarily express thought, feelings and ideas. |
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high context v. low context |
high: relies heavily on nonverbal clues low: relies heavily on language |
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High uncertainty |
*new ideas dangerous *clearly defined rules *lifestyle falls into predictable pattern |
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Low uncertainty |
*welcomes those who dont fit the norm |
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High uncertainty v. Low uncertainty |
high: intolerant to the new low: welcomes the new |
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High power distance |
*Minimizes difference between rich and poor *Challenging authority acceptable |
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Low power distance |
*Freedom to make choices makes people uncomfortable *Submissive people hesitant to show creativity |
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High v. Low power distance |
High: Challenging authority acceptable Low: Challenging authority unacceptable |
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What CAN you do to become competent intercultural communicater? |
*increase contact *tolerate ambiguity *employ open-mindfulness *use knowledge |
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What should you NOT DO to ensue intercultural competence? |
*Avoid ethnocentrism *Avoid prejudice *Avoid stereotyping |
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What is ethnocentrism? |
Attitude that one's own culture is better than others. |
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What is the definition of language? |
Collection of symbols governed by our rules and used to convey a message |
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Meanings are in ________. |
people |
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Language is rules governed by |
*phonological - sound *semantic - meaning *syntactic - structure *pragmatic -context |
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Phonological |
sound |
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Semantic |
meaning |
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syntactic |
structure |
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pragmatic |
context |
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Linguistic Relativism |
Language is a powerful tool that shapes everything in our world, our perceptions, and, thus our reality. |
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What is a responsible statements? |
"I-statement" |
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What are not responsible statements? |
"You-statements" "It-statements" "Everybody-statements" "But-statements" "I know-statements" |
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Disruptive language |
Fact-opinion confusion fact-inference confusion |
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Gender & Language |
Men & women talk about different things and communicate differently |
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Stages of Listening |
1) Hearing 2)Attending 3)Understanding 4)Responding 5)Remembering |
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Misconceptions of listening |
*Listening is a natural process (not) *Listening is passive (not) *All listeners interpret the same message |
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Faulty listening behaviors |
*Pseudo *Selective *Defensive *Ambushing *Insulated *Insensitive *Stage Hogging *Multi-tasking |
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Reasons for poor listening |
*Effort *Message overload *Rapid thought *Noise *Faulty assumptions *Cultural differences *Media influneces |
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Supportive listening |
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How to listen effectively |
*withhold judgement *interrupt less *use nonverbals to respond |
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How to paraphrase correctly |
Restating the message you thought the speaker just sent, without adding anything new. |
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Paraphrasing efficiently steps |
1)Paraphrase speaker's meaning 2)Express understanding of speaker's meaning 3)Ask sincere questions |
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To listening mindfully or not? |
-Is the problem complex enough? -Do you have necessary time or concern? -Can you withhold judgement? |
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Advising do's |
-Be confident advice is correct -Ask yourself if the person is willing to accept it -Be certain they wont blame you -Deliver your advice supportively |
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Evaluating/Judging Do's |
-Person has request an evaluation from you -Your judgment is genuinely constructive and not designed as put down |
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Analyzing do's |
-Offer interpretation -Be sure other person is receptive -Be correct -Make sure interpreation is truly helpful |
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Questioning |
-Dont ask questions that satisfy curiosity -Dont ask confusing or distracting questions -Dont use questions as critiques |
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Comforting |
-Make sure remarks are sincere -Be sure person can accept your support |
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