Speech Test 1

Front 1

Audience

Back 1

complex and varied group of people the speaker addresses

Front 2

Audience centered

Back 2

being considerate of the positions, beliefs, values, and needs of an audience

Front 3

Channel

Back 3

means by which the message is conveyed

Front 4

civilty

Back 4

care and concern for others, the thoughtful use of words and language, and the flexibility to see the many sides of an issue.

Front 5

Context

Back 5

the environment or situation in which a speech occurs

Front 6

Decoding

Back 6

translating words, sounds, and gestures into ideas and feelings in an attempt to understand the message

Front 7

Encoding

Back 7

translating ideas and feelings into words, sounds, and gestures

Front 8

ethical public speaker

Back 8

to consider the moral impact of your ideas and arguments on others when you enter the public dialogue.

Front 9

feedback

Back 9

the verbal and nonverbal signals an audience gives a speaker

Front 10

Message

Back 10

information conveyed by the speaker to the audience

Front 11

Noise

Back 11

anything that interferes with understanding the message being communicated

Front 12

public dialogue

Back 12

ethical and civil exchange of ideas and opinions among communities about topics that affect the public.

Front 13

speaker

Back 13

person who stimulates public dialogue by delivering an oral message

Front 14

Acceptance speech

Back 14

speech that communicates gratitude, appreciation, and pleasure at receiving an honor or a gift in recognition of an accomplishment

Front 15

Affirmations

Back 15

positive, motivating statements that replace negative self-talk

Front 16

Canon

Back 16

authoritative list, an accepted principle or rule, or an established standard of judgment

Front 17

Canon of arrangement

Back 17

guidelines for ordering the ideas in a speech

Front 18

Cannon of delivery

Back 18

guidelines for managing your voice, gestures, posture, facial expressions, and presentational aids as you give your speech

Front 19

Canon of invention

Back 19

guidelines for generating effective content for a speech

Front 20

Canon of memory

Back 20

guidelines for your efforts to rehearse a speech and the ways you prompt yourself to remember the speech as you give it

Front 21

Canon of style

Back 21

guidelines for using language effectively, appropriately, and ethically

Front 22

Cognitive restructuring

Back 22

process that helps reduce anxiety by replacing negative thoughts with positive ones, called affirmations

Front 23

Commemorative speech

Back 23

speech that praises, honors, recognizes, or pays tribute to a person, an event, an idea, or an institution

Front 24

Communication apprehension

Back 24

level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons

Front 25

Informative speech

Back 25

speech that communicates knowledge about a process, an event, a person, a place, an object, or a concept

Front 26

Introductory speech

Back 26

Speech that gives an audience a compelling perspective on the speaker or another person or that welcomes the audience to an event and familiarizes them with it

Front 27

Invitational speech

Back 27

Speech that allows the speaker to establish a dialogue with an audience to clarify positions, explore issues and ideas, or share beliefs and values

Front 28

Persuasive speech

Back 28

Speech whose message attempts to change or reinforce an audience’s thoughts, feelings, or actions

Front 29

Public speaking anxiety (PSA)

Back 29

anxiety we feel when we learn we have to give a speech or take a public speaking course

Front 30

Small group speaking

Back 30

speaking to give a presentation to a small collection of individuals or speaking as part of a small group of people

Front 31

State, or situational anxiety

Back 31

apprehension about communicating with others in a particular situation

Front 32

Systematic desensitization

Back 32

technique for reducing anxiety that involves teaching your body to feel calm and relaxed rather than fearful during your speeches

Front 33

Trait anxiety

Back 33

apprehension about communicating with other in any situation

Front 34

Visualization

Back 34

process in which you construct a mental image of yourself giving a successful speech

Front 35

Auditory listener

Back 35

needs to hear verbal explanations and descriptions to learn well

Front 36

Colloquialism

Back 36

local or regional informal dialect or expression

Front 37

Confirming

Back 37

to recognize, acknowledge, and express value for another person

Front 38

Considerate speech

Back 38

speech that eases the audience’s burden of processing information

Front 39

Critical listener

Back 39

listener who listens for accuracy of a speech’s content and the implications of a speaker’s message

Front 40

Culturally inclusive language

Back 40

language that respectfully recognizes the differences among the many cultures in our society

Front 41

experiential listener

Back 41

needs to touch, explore, and participate in what is being described

Front 42

Ethical listener

Back 42

listener who considers the moral impact of a speaker’s message on one’s self and one’s community

Front 43

Euphemism

Back 43

word or phrase that substitutes an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant

Front 44

Gender-inclusive language

Back 44

language recognizing that both women and men are active participants in the world

Front 45

Hearing

Back 45

vibration of sound waves on our eardrums and the impulses then sent to the brain

Front 46

Interference

Back 46

anything that stops or hinders a listener from receiving a message

Front 47

Jargon

Back 47

technical language used by a special group or for a special activity

Front 48

Listenable speech

Back 48

speech that is considerate and delivered in an oral style

Front 49

Listening

Back 49

process of giving thoughtful attention to another person’s words and understanding what you hear

Front 50

Slang

Back 50

informal nonstandard vocabulary, usually made up of arbitrarily changed words

Front 51

Spotlighting

Back 51

practice of highlighting a person’s race or ethnicity (or sex, sexual orientation, physical disability, and the like) during a speech

Front 52

verbal clutter

Back 52

extra words that pad sentences and claims but don’t add meaning

Front 53

Visual listener

Back 53

needs to see something to understand it and how it works

Front 54

Careful listener

Back 54

listener who overcomes listener interference to better understand a speaker’s message

Front 55

Behavioral objectives

Back 55

actions a speaker wants the audience to take at the end of a speech

Front 56

Brainstorming

Back 56

process of generating ideas randomly and uncritically, without attention to logic, connections, or relevance

Front 57

General purpose

Back 57

speech’s broad goal: to inform, invite, persuade, introduce, commemorate, or accept

Front 58

Specific purpose

Back 58

focused statement that identifies exactly what a speaker wants to accomplish with a speech

Front 59

Speech topic

Back 59

subject of your speech

Front 60

Thesis statement

Back 60

statement that summarizes in a single declarative sentence the main ideas, assumptions, or arguments you want to express in your speech

Front 61

Abstract

Back 61

summary of the text in an article or publication

Front 62

Bibliographic database

Back 62

database that indexes publishing data for books, periodical articles, government reports, statistics, patents, research reports, conference proceedings, and dissertations

Front 63

Boolean operators

Back 63

words you can use to create specific phrases that broaden or narrow your search on the Internet

Front 64

Database

Back 64

collections of information stored electronically so they are easy to find and retrieve

Front 65

Full-text database

Back 65

database that indexes the complete text of newspapers, periodicals, encyclopedias, research reports, court cases, books, and the like

Front 66

Global plagiarism

Back 66

stealing an entire speech from a single source and presenting it as your own

Front 67

Incremental plagiarism

Back 67

presenting select portions from a single speech as your own

Front 68

Index

Back 68

alphabetical listing of the topics discussed in a specific publication, along with the corresponding year, volume, and page numbers

Front 69

Information overload

Back 69

When we take in more information than we can process but realize there still is more information we are expected to know

Front 70

Internet

Back 70

electronic communications network that links computer networks around the world via telephone lines, cables, and communication satellites

Front 71

interview

Back 71

planned interaction with another person that is organized around inquiry and response, with one person asking questions while the other person answers them

Front 72

Patchwork plagiarism

Back 72

constructing a complete speech that you present as your own from portions of several different sources

Front 73

Plagiarism

Back 73

presenting another person’s words and ideas as your own

Front 74

Preliminary bibliography

Back 74

list of all the potential sources you’ll use as you prepare your speech

Front 75

Probe

Back 75

question that fills out or follows up an answer to a previous question

Front 76

Research inventory

Back 76

list of the types of information you have for your speech and they types you want to find

Front 77

World Wide Web

Back 77

system that allows users to easily navigate the millions of sites on the Internet

Front 78

Balance

Back 78

visual relationship between the items on a visual aid

Front 79

Bar graph

Back 79

graph that compares quantities at a specific moment in time

Front 80

Demonstration

Back 80

display of how something is done or how it works

Front 81

Flow chart

Back 81

chart that illustrates direction or motion

Front 82

graph

Back 82

visual comparison of amounts or quantities that show growth, size, proportions, or relationships

Front 83

Line graph

Back 83

graph that shows trends over time

Front 84

List

Back 84

series of words or phrases that organize ideas one after the other

Front 85

Map

Back 85

visual representation showing the physical layout of geographical features, cities, road systems, the night sky, and the like

Front 86

model

Back 86

copy of an object, usually built to scale, that represents an object in detail

Front 87

Organizational chart

Back 87

chart that illustrates the structure of groups

Front 88

Picture graph

Back 88

graph that presents information in pictures or images

Front 89

Pie graph

Back 89

graph that shows the relative proportions of parts of a whole

Front 90

Drawing

Back 90

diagram or sketch of someone or something