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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Valgus/Varus Stress Test (of 1st MTP joint)
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Test: big toe joint
Patient: supine or sitting Stabilize: one hand on dorsal surface of foot, thumb and forefinger at the head of the 1st MT; grasp proximal phalange Procedure: move phalange medially for varus, laterally for valgus Positive test: pain or laxity in the joint |
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Anterior Drawer Test (of the ankle)
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Tests: inversion injury of the anterior talofibular ligament
Patient position: sitting with leg over the edge of the table, foot hanging Stabilize: grasp anterior aspect of distal leg, proximal to the ankle joint Procedure: cup the calcaneous and draw it forward by directing force anteriorly Positive test: pain or laxity |
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Inversion Talar Tilt Test
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Tests: calcaneofibular ligament (N), posterior talofibular ligament (DF), anterior talofibular ligament (PF)
Patient position: supine or sitting with legs over the edge of the table Stabilize: grasp the lateral aspect of the distal leg, proximal to ankle joint Procedure: grasp calcaneous and talus while keeping ankle joint in 0-10 degrees DF; provide inversion stress by rolling calcaneous medially (at DF, PF, N) Positive test: pain or laxity |
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Eversion Talar Tilt Test
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Tests: injury of the deltoid ligament
Patient position: supine or sitting with legs over the edge of the table Stabilize: grasp the medial aspect of the distal leg, proximal to ankle joint Procedure: grasp calcaneous and talus while keeping ankle in neutral position; provide eversion stress by rolling calcaneous laterally Positive test: pain or laxity |
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Kleiger's Test
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Tests: eversion sprain; injury of the deltoid ligament
Patient position: supine or sitting with legs over the edge of the table Stabilize: grasp anterior aspect of the distal leg, proximal to ankle joint Procedure: grasp medial aspect of the foot while cupping the palm and forearm along the plantar arch of the foot; push ankle into DF and externally rotate the foot and talus Positive test: medial joint line pain or talus displacement from medial malleolus (deltoid lig) or pain in anterior-lateral ankle at site of tibofibular syndesmosis (syndesmosis injury) |
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Squeeze Test
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Tests: fracture
Patient position: supine with knee extended; sitting off edge of table Stabilize: none Procedure: gently squeeze fib/tib with one hand on each side, starting proximally; repeat procedure while moving more distally Positive test: pain at injury site |
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Bump Test
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Tests: fracture
Patient position: supine with heel over edge of table; sitting with leg hanging Stabilize: grasp the foot and maintain neutral ankle position Procedure: bump calcaneous by applying force with the palm of your hand Positive test: pain at injury site |
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Thompson Test
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Tests: achilles tendon rupture
Patient position: prone with foot off edge of table Stabilize: none Procedure: squeeze at calf at the muscle belly of gastrocnemius-soleus and observe for PF of foot Positive test: no PF; pain |
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Valgus Stress Test (of the knee)
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Tests: MCL injury
Patient position: supine with involved limb close to table edge Stabilize: stand lateral to limb; one hand on thigh (grasp lateral aspect of the knee); other hand on leg (grasp medial aspect of distal tibia) Procedure: apply medial force at the knee and lateral force at the tibia; repeat at 0 and 25 deg flexion Positive test: pain or laxity *Modification: thigh rests on table near the side edge with knee flexed slightly off edge to the side |
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Varus Stress Test (of the knee)
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Tests: LCL injury
Patient position: supine with involved limb close to table edge Stabilize:standing medial to involved limb; one hand on thigh (medial aspect of knee); other hand on leg (lateral aspect of distal tibia); hip abducted slightly Procedure: apply lateral force at the knee and medial force on the tibia; repeat at 0 and 25 deg flexion Positive test: pain or laxity *Modification: clinician sits on table |
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Lachman's Test
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Tests: ACL injury
Patient position: supine Stabilize: grasp tibia at level of tibial tuberosity; other hand grasps femur at level above patella/femoral condyles; knee in 20-25 deg flexion Procedure: stabilize and support femur; apply posterior pressure with one hand while applying anterior force, drawing tibia forward with other hand; compare bilaterally Positive test: pain, anterior motion of tibia *Modification: clinician places his/her thigh under thigh of patient; grasp proximal end of tibia at level of tibial tuberosity while thumbs palpate the anterior joint line |
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Anterior Drawer Test (of the knee)
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Tests: ACL tear (but may show false positive for PCL injury)
Patient position: supine with knee flexed to 90 deg, hip flexed to 45 deg Stabilize: clinician on table, sit on patient's foot Procedure: grasp proximal portion of tibia with both hands at level of tuberosity and place thumbs on anterior joint line; draw tibia anteriorly Positive test: pain, motion (anterior tibial translation) |
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Posterior Drawer Test (of the knee)
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Tests: PCL injury
Patient position: supine, knee flexed at 90 deg, hip flexed at 45 deg Stabilize: clinician on table, sits on patient's foot Procedure: grasp proximal portion of the tibia with both hands at level of tuberosity and place thumbs on anterior joint line; push tibia posteriorly Positive test: pain, motion (posterior tibial translation) |
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Godfrey's Test
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Tests: PCL injury
Patient position: supine on table, both knees bent to 90 deg flexion Stabilize: none Procedure: stand to the side of table and patient, position both knees at 90 deg flexion with 90 deg hip flexion; observe level of tibial tuberosities Positive test: unilateral posterior displacement of the tibial tuberosity on the involved side |
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McMurray's Test
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Tests: meniscus tear
Patient position: supine on table Stabilize: stand laterally and distal to knee; grasp heel with one hand; other hand grasps knee and brings it into flexion; find joint line Procedure: externally rotate tibia and apply valgus stress while moving knee into extension; repeat with varus stress; internally rotate tibia and apply valgus stress while moving knee into extension; repeat with varus stress Positive test: popping, clicking, locking of knee |
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Apley's Test
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Tests:
Patient position: prone on table, knee flexed 90 deg Stabilize: stand laterally to patient; stabilize thigh by placing hand on distal portion of hamstring muscles above popliteal space Procedure: compression = grasp heel by placing palm over the plantar surface of the calcaneous; apply compression/downward force through tibia and then internally/externally rotate tibia while maintaining compression depression = grasp distal tibia and fibula proximal to ankle joint; distract knee by applying an upward force on tibia and internally/externally rotate tibia while maintaining distraction Positive test: pain or laxity |
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Ober's Test
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Tests: IT band tightness
Patient position: sidelying on table; knee flexion of involved leg 90 deg Stabilize: clinician stands behind patient near the hip and places hand on the pelvis Procedure: support distal tibia along medial aspect; passively abduct and extend the involved hip; allow hip to adduct and observe for amount of passive motion into adduction Positive test: IT band tightness results when there is only minimal adduction or no adduction |
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Patella Apprehension Test
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Tests: patella injury (subluxation or dislocation)
Patient position: supine, knee extended Stabilize: none Procedure: grasp patella and attempt to move it as far as possible laterally Positive test: guarding of quadriceps muscle, facial expressions, pain or laxity |
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Trendelenburg Test
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Tests: weak gluteus medius
Patient position: standing with weight evenly distributed Examiner position: behind patient Procedure: instruct patient to lift leg opposite the side being tested; compare bilaterally Positive test: pelvis lowers on non-weight bearing side |
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Thomas Test
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Tests: tightness of the quadriceps, iliopsoas, tensor fascia
Patient position: lying supine with mid portion of thighs on edge of table Examiner position: beside patient on the side opposite to the hip being tested Procedure: passively assist in bringing knees and hips to 90 deg flexion; make sure lordotic curve is always maintained; have patient hold the non-involved knee and lower the opposite thigh; compare bilaterally Positive test: knee extended = quadriceps tightness, thigh extended = iliopsoas tightness, thigh abduction or ex.rotation = tensor fascia tightness |
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Scouring Test
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Tests: injury of articular cartilage or labrum of the hip
Patient position: supine Examiner position: beside patient on same side of injured hip Procedure: passively flex the knee and hip of involved side fully, with one hand grasping the distal tibia and the other over the top of the knee; apply downward pressure with the hand on the knee and internally/externally rotate the hip a few times Positive test: pain |
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FABERE Test
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Tests: hip or sacroiliac joint pathology
Patient position: supine with injured foot over the opposite thigh Examiner position: at involved side of patient with one hand on opposite side ASIS and other hand over top of the bent knee on involved side Procedure: allow patient's limb to rest in full external rotation and then apply overpressure on the knee and ASIS Positive test: pain in inguinal area of anterior hip = hip pathology; pain in SI area on involved side = SI joint pathology |
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Straight Leg Raise Test
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Tests: sciatic nerve irritation, lumbar disk involvement
Patient position: supine Examiner position: at side of patient on involved side; one hand grasping leg above ankle on achilles tendon, other hand anterior to the knee Procedure: keep knee in extension and passively raise leg off the table until pain is experienced or full ROM is obtained Positive test: pain in post.thigh 70 deg to full ROM hip = sciatic nerve; pain in post.thigh before 70 deg hip = lumbar disk |
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Slump Test
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Tests: impingement of dural lining, spinal cord, or nerve roots
Patient position: sitting with knees at edge of table; slumped forward flexing spine and rounding shoulders Examiner position: at side of patient on involved side; apply overpressure to patients trunk flexion (hand over thoracic spine) Procedure: patient flexes spine (chin to chest) and clinician holds them here with hand over back of head; patient actively extends knee and then DF ankle on involved side; compare bilaterally Positive test: sciatic pain or neurological symptoms in final position |
