Special Senses (A)

Front 1

the eyes are protected by what?

Back 1

eyelids

Front 2

where do the eyelids meet?

Back 2

they meet at the medial and lateral commisure (canthus)

Front 3

what is the space between the eye when it is opened called?

Back 3

pallpebral fissure

Front 4

what glands lubricate the eye?

Back 4

tarsal glands

Front 5

what glands lie between the eyelashes ?

Back 5

ciliary glands

Front 6

what lines the eyelids and covers part of the outer surface of the eye?

Back 6

conjunctiva

Front 7

what does the lacrimal apparatus consist of ?

Back 7

lacrimal glad and ducts

Front 8

where is the lacrimal gland located?

Back 8

located lateraly above each end of the eye

Front 9

what does the lacrimal gland do?

Back 9

releases a dilute salt solution (tears) through ducts

Front 10

the tears flush across the eye into the what?

Back 10

lacrimal canaliculi

Front 11

after the tears go into the lacrimal canaliculi where do they go?

Back 11

into the lacrimal sac

Front 12

after tears go into the lacrimal sac they go into the?

Back 12

nasoalcrimal duct which empties into nasal cavity

Front 13

what do lacrimal secretions contain?

Back 13

lysozyme

Front 14

what is lysozyme?

Back 14

an enzyme that destroys bacteria and cleanses and protects the eye surface

Front 15

how many external eye muscles do we have?

Back 15

6

Front 16

what are the names of the 6 eye muscles?

Back 16

lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus,inferior oblique,superior oblique

Front 17

what does the lateral rectus do?

Back 17

moves eye laterally

Front 18

what does the medical rectus do?

Back 18

moves eye medially

Front 19

what does the superior rectus do?

Back 19

elevates eye and turns medially

Front 20

what does the inferior rectus do?

Back 20

depresses eye and turns medially

Front 21

what does the inferior oblique do?

Back 21

elevated eye and turns laterally

Front 22

what does the superior oblique do?

Back 22

depresses eye and turns laterally

Front 23

what is the outermost layer of the eye?

Back 23

fibrous layer

Front 24

what does the fibrous layer consist of ?

Back 24

sclera and cornea

Front 25

what is the cornea?

Back 25

the window in which light enters

Front 26

does the cornea have nerve endings?

Back 26

yes

Front 27

what is the most exposed part of the eye?

Back 27

cornea

Front 28

does the cornea have blood vessels?

Back 28

no

Front 29

what is the middle layer of the eye?

Back 29

vascular layer

Front 30

how many regions does the vascular layer have?

Back 30

3

Front 31

what is the most posterior region of the vascular layer?

Back 31

choroid

Front 32

what is the choroid?

Back 32

vascular layer of the eye containing connective tissue. its between the retina and sclera

Front 33

what does the dark pigment in the choroid do?

Back 33

prevents light from scattering inside eye

Front 34

what is the ciliary body?

Back 34

smooth muscle attached to the lens

Front 35

what does the iris do?

Back 35

regulates amount of light entering eye

Front 36

what gives the eye color?

Back 36

iris

Front 37

what is the pupil?

Back 37

a round opening to the iris

Front 38

what is the sensory layer?

Back 38

retina

Front 39

the retina contains 2 layers called the ?

Back 39

outer pigmented layer and the inner neural layer

Front 40

the inner neural layer contains what?

Back 40

rods and cones

Front 41

what is another name for rods and cones?

Back 41

photoreceptors

Front 42

the signals pass from the photoreceptors via?

Back 42

bipolar cells and then ganglion cells

Front 43

the signals leave the retina toward the brain through the ?

Back 43

optic nerve then end in the optic cortex which produces vision

Front 44

what is the optic disc?

Back 44

a blind spot where optic nerves leave the eyeball

Front 45

where are rods usually found?

Back 45

towards the edges of the retina

Front 46

what do the rods do ?

Back 46

allow dim vision and peripheral vision

Front 47

rods perception is in what tone?

Back 47

gray tones

Front 48

what do cones do?

Back 48

allow detailed colored vision

Front 49

where are cones usually found?

Back 49

in the center of the retina

Front 50

what is the fovea centralis ?

Back 50

area of retina with only cones

Front 51

where is the area with only cones?

Back 51

fovea centralis

Front 52

how many types of cones do we have?

Back 52

3`

Front 53

what is the result of the lack of one cone type?

Back 53

color blindness

Front 54

what is the lens held in place by?

Back 54

suspensory ligament attached to ciliary body

Front 55

cataracts result when the lens becomes?

Back 55

hard

Front 56

the lens divides the eye into 2 segments called the ?

Back 56

aqueous segment and the viterous segment

Front 57

which segment of the lens is anterior ?

Back 57

aqueous

Front 58

which segment of the lens is posterior ?

Back 58

vitrous

Front 59

what is the aqueous segment filled with?

Back 59

clear watery fluid called aqueous humor

Front 60

where is aqueous humor located?

Back 60

between the lens and cornea

Front 61

what does aqueous humor help maintain ?

Back 61

intraocular pressure

Front 62

where is aqueous humor reabsorbed into?

Back 62

into venous blood through the scleral venous sinus or canal of schlemm

Front 63

what is the vitreous humor?

Back 63

gel like substance posterior to lens

Front 64

what does the vitreous humor do ?

Back 64

prevents eye from collasping

Front 65

where must light be focused in order to see?

Back 65

retina

Front 66

what is emmetropia?

Back 66

when eye focuses images correctly

.

Front 67

what is myopia?

Back 67

nearsighted . when distant objects appear blurry

Front 68

what is hyperopia?

Back 68

farsighted. near objects are blurry while distant objects are clear

Front 69

what is astigmatism?

Back 69

images are blurry

Front 70

the ear houses two senses which are?

Back 70

hearing and equilibrium

Front 71

the ear is divided into 3 area called?

Back 71

external ear(outer ear),middle ear(tympanic cavity),inner ear

Front 72

the external ear is involved in?

Back 72

hearing

Front 73

what are the structures of the external ear?

Back 73

auricle and external acoustic meatus

Front 74

what is the auricle (pinna)?

Back 74

the ear. (the shell shaped structure surrounding the auditory canal opening)

Front 75

what is the external acoustic meatus?

Back 75

short narrow chamber carved into the temporal bone of skull

Front 76

what do the ceruminous glands do?

Back 76

secrete yellow cerumen

Front 77

what is the tympanic membrane commonly called?

Back 77

eardrum

Front 78

when waves enter the auditory canal they hit the ?

Back 78

eardrum

Front 79

what is the middle ear commonly called?

Back 79

tympanic caivty

Front 80

how many bones are in the tympanic cavity?

Back 80

3

Front 81

what are the names of the 3 bones in the tympanic cavity?

Back 81

malleus (hammer) incus (anvil) and stapes (stirrip)

Front 82

what is the function of these 3 bones?

Back 82

the vibrations from the eardrum move the malleus then the anvil which moves the stirrup then it ends in the middle ear

Front 83

what is the inner ear also called ?

Back 83

bony labryinth

Front 84

what does the inner ear include?

Back 84

sense organs for hearing and balance

Front 85

what bony chambers are in the inner ear?

Back 85

cochlea , vestibule, semicircular canals

Front 86

what are the equilibrium receptors of the inner ear called?

Back 86

vestibular apparatus

Front 87

what are the 2 functional parts of the vestibular apparatus ?

Back 87

static equilibrium and the dynamic equilibrium

Front 88

whithin the membrane sac of the vistuble are receptors called?

Back 88

maculae

Front 89

macule are essential to ?

Back 89

our sense of static equilibrium

Front 90

what does maculae do ?

Back 90

send info via the vestibular nerve

Front 91

what do dynamic equilibrium receptors do?

Back 91

they respond to angular or rotatory movements of the head

Front 92

where are the locations of taste buds?

Back 92

most are on tongue,soft palate and cheeks

Front 93

the tongue is covered with projections called ?

Back 93

papillae

Front 94

what are filiform papillae?

Back 94

they are sharp with no taste buds

Front 95

what are finguifiorm papillae?

Back 95

rounded papillae with taste buds

Front 96

what are circumvallate papillae?

Back 96

large papillae with taste buds

Front 97

what are gustatory cells?

Back 97

receptors of taste buds

Front 98

sweet receptors are ?

Back 98

saccharine and some amino acids

Front 99

what are sour receptors ?

Back 99

acids

Front 100

what are bitter receptors ?

Back 100

alakaloids

Front 101

what are salty receptors ?

Back 101

metal ions

Front 102

what is strabismus?

Back 102

crossed eyes . results from unequal pulls by muscles

Front 103

what is opthalmia neonatorum?

Back 103

conjunctivitis fromm mother having gonorrhea

Front 104

what is presbyopia?

Back 104

old vision results from decreasing lens elasticity

Front 105

what is prebycusis?

Back 105

seneorinerual deafness requires hearing implants

Front 106

what is otosclerosis?

Back 106

when ear fossicles fuse . you will need hearing aid