Special Senses

Front 1

special senses

Back 1

taste, smell, sight, hearing, and balance

Front 2

localized

Back 2

confined to the head region

Front 3

taste

Back 3

gustation - chemoreceptor

Front 4

smell

Back 4

olfaction - chemoreceptor

Front 5

4 qualities of taste

Back 5

salty, sour, sweet, bitter

Front 6

3 gustatory cells

Back 6

supporting cells, gustatory cells, basal cells

Front 7

olfactory epithelium

Back 7

receptor cells - bipolar
supporting cells- columnar
basal cells- form new cells

Front 8

olfactory nerve

Back 8

passes through the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone - CN I

Front 9

conjunctiva

Back 9

transparent mucus membrane

Front 10

3 kinds of conjunctiva

Back 10

palpebral conjunctiva, bulbar conjunctiva, conjunctival sac

Front 11

lacrimal apparatus

Back 11

keeps surface of eye moist

Front 12

lacrimal gland

Back 12

produces lacrimal fluid

Front 13

lacrimal sac

Back 13

fluid empties into nasal cavity

Front 14

fibrous tunic (most outer layer)

Back 14

sclera, cornea, limbus, scleral venous sinus

Front 15

sclera

Back 15

white opaque region, provides shape and anchor for eye muscles

Front 16

cornea

Back 16

transparent

Front 17

limbus

Back 17

junction between cornea and sclera

Front 18

scleral venous cavity

Back 18

allows aqueous humor to drain

Front 19

vascular tunic (middle)

Back 19

choroid, ciliary body, ciliary process, ciliary zonule, iris, pupil

Front 20

choroid

Back 20

vascular darkly pigmented membrane, forms posterior 5/6 of vascular tunic, brown from melanocytes, prevents scattering of light in eye

Front 21

ciliary body

Back 21

thickened ring of tissue, encircles the lense, composed of ciliary muscle

Front 22

ciliary process

Back 22

posterior surface of ciliary body

Front 23

ciliary zonule

Back 23

suspensory ligament, attached around entire circumference of the lens

Front 24

iris

Back 24

colored part, attached to ciliary body, smooth muscle adjusts size

Front 25

pupil

Back 25

central opening

Front 26

sensory tunic

Back 26

retina, lens

Front 27

layers of retina

Back 27

pigmented layer, neural layer

Front 28

pigmented layer

Back 28

single layer of melanocytes

Front 29

neural layer

Back 29

sheet of nervous tissue

Front 30

3 retinal neurons

Back 30

photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells (external to internal)

Front 31

2 types of photoreceptors

Back 31

rods, cones

Front 32

rods

Back 32

more sensitive to light, allow vision in dim

Front 33

cone cells

Back 33

operate best in bright light, color and high accuity

Front 34

ora serrata retinae

Back 34

neural layer ends at posterior margin of ciliary body, pigmented layer covers ciliary body and posterior surface of iris

Front 35

macula lutea

Back 35

mostly cones

Front 36

fovea centralis

Back 36

only cones - high visual acuity

Front 37

optic disc

Back 37

blind spot

Front 38

blood supply of retina

Back 38

outer 1/3 - capillaries of choroid
inner 2/3 - central artery and vein of retina

Front 39

posterior segment

Back 39

vitreous humor, transmits light, supports posterior surface of lens, helps maintain intraocular pressure

Front 40

anterior segment

Back 40

anterior chamber - b/t cornea and iris
posterior chamber - b/t iris and lens
aqueous humor

Front 41

aqueous humor

Back 41

renewed continuously
formed as blood filtrate
supplies nutrients to the lens and cornea

Front 42

lens

Back 42

biconvex disk, held in place by ciliary zonule

Front 43

lens epithelium

Back 43

covers anterior surface of lens

Front 44

lens fibers

Back 44

form bulk of lens, new lens fibers continuously added, lens enlarges throughout life

Front 45

eye as optical device

Back 45

bent light rays converge on retina at single point

Front 46

light bending structures

Back 46

lens, cornea, humors

Front 47

accomodation

Back 47

curvature of lens is adjustable - allows for focusing on nearby objects

Front 48

outer ear

Back 48

auricle(pinna), external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane

Front 49

aurical(pinna)

Back 49

helps direct sounds

Front 50

external acoustic meatus

Back 50

contains hair, sebaceous glands, and ceruminous glands

Front 51

tympanic membrane

Back 51

forms the boundary b/t the external and middle ear

Front 52

middle ear

Back 52

tympanic cavity, oval window, round window, pharyngotympanic tube

Front 53

tympanic cavity

Back 53

air filled space, located within petrous portion of temporal bone

Front 54

oval and round window

Back 54

penetrate medial wall

Front 55

pharyngotympanic tube

Back 55

links the middle ear and pharynx

Front 56

ossicles

Back 56

malleus, incus, stapes

Front 57

inner ear

Back 57

bony labyrinth, membraneous labyrinth

Front 58

bony labyrinth

Back 58

semicircular canals, vestibule, cochlea, filled with perilymph

Front 59

membraneous labyrinth

Back 59

series of membrane walled sacs and ducts, within bony labyrinth, filled with endolymph

Front 60

3 parts of membranous labyrinth

Back 60

semicircular ducts, utricle and saccule, cochlear duct

Front 61

vestibule

Back 61

central part of bony labyrinth, utricle and saccule, macula

Front 62

utricle and saccule

Back 62

suspended in perilymph, two egg shaped parts of membranous labyrinth, house the macula

Front 63

macula

Back 63

contains receptor cells, monitor the position of the head when is still, receptor cells = hair cells, synapse with vestibular nerve

Front 64

semicircular canals

Back 64

anterior and posterior at right angles
lateral in horizontal plane

Front 65

crista ampullaris

Back 65

in semicirc canals - receptor cells of rotational accel, supporting cells and receptor hair cells

Front 66

cochlea

Back 66

spiraling chamber in bony labyrinth, coils around pillar of bone = modiolus, spiral lamina = spiral of bone in modiolus
cochlear nerve runs through core of modiolus

Front 67

cochlear duct(scala media)

Back 67

contains receptor cells - b/t 2 chambers - scala vestibuli and scala tympani

Front 68

vestibular membrane

Back 68

roof of cochlear duct

Front 69

basilar membrane

Back 69

floor of cochlear duct

Front 70

organ of corti

Back 70

receptor epi for hearing - supporting cells, inner and outer hair cells