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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Olfaction |
Sense of smell |
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Olfactory epithelium |
A region of the nose that contains 10 million to 100 million smell receptors. This region occupies the superior part of the nasal cavity, covering the inferior surface of the cribriform plate and extending along the superior nasal concha. It contains three types of cells: - Olfactory receptors - supporting cells - basal cells |
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Olafactory receptors |
First-order neurons of the olfactory pathway. It is a bipolar neuron with an exposed knob shaped dendrite and an axon projecting through the cribriform plate and ending in the olfactory bulb. They respond to chemical stimulation of an odor and molecule by producing a generator potential, thus initiating the olfactory response. Only live for about a month. |
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Olfactory hairs |
Cilia that project from the dendrite, they are d part of the olfactory receptors that respond to inhaled chemicals |
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Odorants |
Chemicals that have an odor and can therefore stimulate the olfactory hairs |
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Supporting cells (olfaction) |
Columnar epithelial cells of the mucous membrane lining the nose. They provide physical support, norishment, and electrical insulation for the olfactory receptors, and they help detoxify chemicals that come in contact with the olfactory epithelium. |
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Basal cells (olfaction) |
Stem cells located between the bases of the supporting cells. They continually undergo cell division to produce new olfactory receptors |
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Olfactory glands - Bowman's glands |
Glands that produce mucus that is carried to the surface of the epithelium by ducts. The secretion moistens the surface of the olfactory epithelium and dissolves odorants so that transduction can occur. |
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Olfactory nerves |
40 bundles of slender, unmyelinated axons of olfactory receptors that extend through olfactory forMina in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone |
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Olfactory bulbs |
The location that the olfactory nerves terminate, they are paired masses of gray matter which are located below the frontal lobes of the cerebrum and lateral to the crista galli of the ethmoid bone. Within the olfactory bulbs, the axon terminals of olfactory receptors form synapses with the dendrites and cell bodies of olfactory bulb neurons in the olfactory pathway. |
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Describe the olfactory pathway from the bulbs to the brain |
Axons from the bowl extend posterior early to the olfactory tract - some axons project to the primary olfactory area of the cerebral cortex. Some paths ways project to the limbic system and hypothalamus. Only one of the special senses that does not have to pass through the hypothalamus. |
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What are the five tastes of gustation? |
Sour, sweet, bitter, salty, and umami (savory) |
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Taste bud |
An oval body consisting of three kinds of epithelial cells: supporting cells, gustatory receptor cells, and basal cell. |
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Supporting cells (gustation) |
Surround about 50 gustatory receptor cells in each taste bud. |
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Gustatory hair |
A single, long microvillous that projects from each gustatory receptor cell to the external surface through the taste pore - an opening in the taste bud |
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Basal cells (gustation) |
Stem cells found at the periphery of the taste bud near the connective tissue layer, produced supporting cells, which then develop into gustatory receptor cells. Each gustatory receptor cell has a life span of about 10 days. |
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Papillae |
Elevations on the tongue that contain taste buds, they increased the surface area and provide a rough texture to the upper surface of the tongue. |
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Vallate (circumvallate) papillae |
12 of these papillae woman inverted V shaped row on the back of the tongue. Each of these papillae houses 100 to 300 taste buds |
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Fungiform papillae |
Mushroom shaped elevations scattered over the entire surface of the tongue that contain about five taste buds each |
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Foliate papillae |
Are located in small trenches on the lateral margins of the tongue, but most of their taste buds degenerate in early childhood |
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Filiform papillae |
These papillae cover the entire surface of the tongue, they are pointed, threadlike structures that contain tactile receptors but no taste buds, they increase friction between the tongue and food, making it easier for the tongue to move food in the oral cavity |
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Tastants |
Chemicals that stimulate gustatory receptor cells |
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What is the gustatory pathway? |
Once a testament is dissolved in saliva, it came in contact with the plasma membrane of the good to Tori hair, which are the sites of transduction. The result is a receptor potential that stimulates exocytosis of synaptic vesicles from the gustatory receptor cell. In turn, the liberated neurotransmitter molecules trigger nerve impulses and the first order sensory neurons that send apps with gustatory receptor cells. |
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Which nerves serve as the gustatory pathway to which part of the brain? |
Nerve impulses propagate along the facial nerve 7, the glossopharyngeal nerve 9, and the vagus nerve 10 2 because gustatory nucleus in the medulla oblongata. From the medulla, axons project to the limbic system, the hypothalamus, and the thalamus. From the thalamus taste signal project to the primary cause to Tory area and the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex. |
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Lacrimal caruncle |
A small, reddish elevation located in the medial commissure. It contains sebaceous glands and sudoriferous glands. |
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Tarsal plate |
A thick fold of connective tissue that gives form and support to the eyelids |
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Tarsal (meibomian) glands |
A row of elongated modified sebaceous glands embedded in each tarsal plate. They secrete fluid the help keep the eyelids from adhering to each other. |
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Chalazion |
A cyst or tumor of the tarsal glands caused by infection |
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Conjunctiva |
A thin, protective mucus membrane composed of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with numerous goblet cells that is supported by areollar connective tissue |
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Palpebrae (eyelids) |
Shade eyes during sleep, protect from excessive light and foreign objects, and spread lubricating secretions over eyeballs |
