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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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The sense of smell is called |
Olfactory
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Where are the olfactory receptors located?
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Top of the nose
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How long do olfactory receptors live?
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30-60 days
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What type of neurons are the olfactory receptors?
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Bipolars
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Name some danger smells
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Smoke, gas, cooking, skunk
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What role does the cribriform plate play in the transmission of smell? What bone is the cribriform plate located in?
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In the ethmoid bone. The passage of the olfactory nerve filaments from the nasal cavity-called also lamina cribrosa
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Taste is _____ smell
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80%
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Gustatory means_____
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Taste
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Where are most taste buds located?
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Tongue (papillae)
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Some taste buds located?
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Soft palate, inner surface of the cheeks, pharynx, and epiglottis of the larynx
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What are the 4 tastes and where on the tongue are they located?
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Salty & Sweet are on tip
Bitter on back Sour on sides |
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What protective function does bitter taste on the back of the tongue play?
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can gag bitter poisons
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What 2 cranial nerves serve the tongue?
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Facial Nerve (anterior) Glossopharyngeal (posterior)
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What is the tarsal plate? What is the function of the tarsal glands?
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Thick fold of Connective Tissue-gives support
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What is the conjunctiva?
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thin, protective mucous membrane composed of goblet cell (keeps stuff out of eye)
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What is a sty?
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Backed up oil gland on eyelid
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What do lacrimal glands secrete?
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Tears
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Why does your nose run when you cry?
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Tears run through the lacrimal sac
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What is the non vascular, transparent front of the eye?
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Cornea
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Why aren't corneal transplants rejected?
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No blood
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What is the "white" of the eye?
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Sclera
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What layer of the eye is highly vascularized and contains a brown-black pigment?
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Choroid Layer
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What is the purpose of this pigmented layer?
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Absorbs light
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Name the eye layers in order from the outside to the inside
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Cornea, Sclera, Choroid, Retina
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What does the ciliary processes secrete and why?
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Aqueous humar to keep the Cornea bulging and stiff (replaced 1 hr and a half)
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What structure does the ciliary muscle control? Why?
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Lens to change shpe of lens for near and far vision
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What is the function of the iris?
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Make the pupil smaller or bigger
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In what layer of the eye are the photoreceptors found?
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Retina, Neutral portion
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What is the purpose of the pigmented epithelium in the retina?
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Absorbs stray light
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What is the optic disc? What blood vessels are found there?
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Where optic nerve exits; Retinal blood vessels
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What axons form the optic nerve?
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axons of the retinal ganglion cells of one retina.
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Name 2 photoreceptors. How are they different in structure and function?
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Rods (yellow corn dogs)
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black and white
Cones (purple squid) |
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.How many different cones are there? Name them.
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3 cones, red blue and green
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What is the macula lutea?
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At the eye's posterior pole, oval region
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Where is the fovea centralis located? What is its function? What type of photoreceptors are found there?
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(knocked over corn stalks) easier to pick up. Cones are found there
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What focuses most (75%) of the light?
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Cornea
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What structure fine tunes the focus? How does it work?
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Lens. Changes curvature of lens for focusing near and far objects
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What is replaced every 90 min in the eye
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Aqueous humor
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What causes glaucoma?
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Eye pressure above 22 mm Hg (normal 16)
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What is the shape of the lens?
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Biconvex
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What is the function of the suspensory ligaments?
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Trampoline springs
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What is the jelly-like substance in the posterior cavity of the eye? How often is it replaced?
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Vitreous humor
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What is accomodation? What happens after age 40? Why?
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Change curvature of lens for focusing near and far objects. Less focus, lens grows to big
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The ciliary muscle is relaxed when you focus on?
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Far away
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The ciliary muscle is contracted when you focus on?
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Close
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The lens is thinner when you are looking?
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Far away
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The lens is thick and bulging when you are looking?
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Close
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What structures does light pass through from entering the eye to hitting the retina?
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Cornea, Iris, Lens
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What drains aqueous humor from the eye?
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Canal of Schlemm
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What is the name for nearsightedness? What causes it? How is it corrected?
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Myopic Eye. Tall lens ->Concave lens
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What is the name for farsightedness? What causes it? How is it corrected?
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Hyperiopia. Small lens ->Convex lens
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What is meant by binocular vision?
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Use of two eyes to see
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Name 2 intrinsic eye muscles?
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Ciliary Muscle, Iris
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Stephen is missing red cones in his eyes. What does he have?
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Color Blind
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What is the outer flap of cartilage of our ears called?
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Auricle/Pinna
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Name the tube that leads to the eardrum
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External auditory canal
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What is cerumen? What function does it play?
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Ear wax. Protecting the ear drum
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What is the tympanic membrane? What is its function?
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Ear Drum.
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What separates the external ear from the middle ear?
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Vibrates to transfers the sound energy to the tiny bones of the middle ear and sets them into vibration
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What are ossicles? Where are they located in the ear? Name them in order? What is their function? Which one attaches to the oval window?
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Tiny ear bones. Behind the ear drum is the malleus, Incus, stapes (oval window) in order. Transfers vibrations to vestibule
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What structure equalizes pressure between the external and middle ear?
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auditory tube
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What is the function of the Tensor tympani muscle? What is it attached to?
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Prevents damage to the hearing receptors. tenses the eardrum by pulling it medially. Malleus
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What is the function of the Stapedius muscle? What is it attached to?
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Checks vibration of the whole ossicle chain and limits the movement of the stapes in the oval window. Stapes
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When does the Auditory tube pen at the pharyngeal end? Why?
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At the middle ear cavity with the nasopharynx. The eardrum vibrates freely only if the pressure on both its surface is teh same
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What is the organ of hearing?
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Cochlea
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What is the function of the oval window? The round window?
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Transfers vibrations
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Where is the organ of Corti found?
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underneath tectorial membran in cochlea
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What are the "hair" cells of the organ of Corti?
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Inner-hears
outer-tunes |
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When the basilar membrane vibrates, the hair cells are displaced and come in contact with the ______ membrane
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Tectorial
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The frequency of sound waves is measured in ______
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pitch
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Pitch is also known as
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Hertz
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What part of the cochlea senses high pitch? Low pitch?
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Low pitch at entrance, High is at end
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Amplitude is measured in ______
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decibels
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The danger zone for loudness is _______
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90 dB
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A rock concert can be _________
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120+ dB
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What is the frequency of hearing for the human>
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20-20,000 Hertz
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Loudness is determined by the _________ of sound waves
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frequency
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Continued exposure to high intensity sounds causes?
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Damage to hair cells
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What are the first symptoms of hearing loss?
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Less hearing
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________ refers to the maintenance of head position relative to the force of gravity
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Static Equilibrium
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________ refers to the maintenance of head position in response to sudden movements like dnacing
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Dynamic equilibrium
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Describe the structure of the macula of the ear.
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Crystals that tumble with the jelly
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What structure responds to vertical movements, such as sudden acceleration in an elevator?
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Saccule
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What structure responds to acceleration in a horizontal plane and tilting the head to the side?
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Utricle
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What are ear stones? What is their function?
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Otoliths. Keep head in balance
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The crista is found in the ______ canals |
Semicircular canals
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What is the ampulla of the semicircular canals? What is located there?
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Leaves
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How does the cupula work? |
Wind breaker
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What keeps you balanced while you dance? |
Dynamic equilbrium |
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