Special Collections And Point-Of-Care Testing

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Collected specimens require special

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•Preparation

•Equipment

•Timing

•Handling

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• provide informations for safe blood transfusion into a patient

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Bloodbank Specimens

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patients that does not show any symptoms but is already a carrier of virus.)

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Asymptomatic Patients

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ex of asymptomatic disease can lead to Hepato Cellular Cancer and Liver failure.

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Hepa C

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it should not be use in bloodbank specimens

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Inactivated Serum

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Heated serum in 50-60 C for 30 minutes to kill compliment proteins)

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Inactivated Serum

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inactivated serum is heated in what temp

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50-60°C

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Inactivated serum is being heated for how long

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30 Mins

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what is being eliminated in inactivated serum

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Compliment Proteins

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Bloodbank Specimens can use what tubes

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•Edta Tube

•Serum Tubes without Activator

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color of edta tube in bloodbanking

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pink

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special identification system in bloodbanking

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•PDC Securline Bloodbank

•BBID

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what identification system in bloodbank uses barcode

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BBID

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Types of BBID

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•Next Generation Barcode Blood Bands

•Flexiblood Barcode Bands

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o To know the blood type of the donor and recipient.

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Blood typing

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in blood typing red blood cells are being mixed with

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Anti Sera A, B, D

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what occurs to mean if the blood is positive with the Anti Sera

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Agglutination and Hemolysis

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o To identify the antibody and antigen of the patients

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Antibody Screen

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o Mixing of Blood if donor and recipient is compatible

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Cross Matching

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result of failed BB tests, can cause death to patients

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Transfusion Reaction

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Age of donor in cross matching

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18-65

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weight to donate

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50 kg

110 lbs

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temp to donate

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37 °C

99.5 F

(Body Temperature)

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pulse to donate

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normal 50-100bpm

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hemoglobon count to donate

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12.5 g/dl

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normal hematocrit for Female

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37-48%

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hematocrit for male

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40-52%

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Blood will be given to other person

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Allogenic Donors

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Blood will be given for the donor itself.

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Autologous Donor

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in autologous donation blood must be donated in how many days before operation

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3 Days

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– special anti-coagulant in blood bags, preserves RBC’s life for 35 days

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Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine 1

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How long does CPDA 1 preserves the life of the rbc

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35 Days

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ref temperature

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2-6°C

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Blood bags must be put at what temp

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Ref Temp

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• Detection of Bacteremia/ Septicemia

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Blood Culture

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Blood Culture is mostly used for

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Fever Unknown Origin

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best collection time of blood culture

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30 mins- 2.5 hrs

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specimens are drawn apart in blood culture for what interval

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30-60 mins

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Used to remove normal Flora

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Friction scrub

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blood volume required for infants and young children in blood culture

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1-3 ml

1-4% total volume

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blood volume required for adults in blood culture

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20-30 ml

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weight of adults that 20-30 ml can be extracted

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80 lbs and up

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pwrcent of iodine in antisepsis

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10%

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order of draw in direct inoculation(Butteefly method)

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Aerobic

Anaerobic

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• Antimicrobial neutralization products

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•Fastidious Antimicrobial Neutralization

•Activated Charcoal

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order of draw in syringe inoculation

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Anaerobic Aerobic

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what intermediate tube is used in blood culture

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Sodium Polyethanol Sulfate (SPS)

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what is the blood to coagulant ratio

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9:1

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used to prevent platelet activation

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CTAD (Citrate Theophylline Adenosine Dipyridamole)

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Preserve Clotting Factors 1-13

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Citrate

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it cannot be used because it destroys clotting factors 5 and 8

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EDTA

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EDTA destroys clotting factors

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5 and 8

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Cannot use ---- because it gives false negative test results

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Heparin

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diabetic patients na bata aning type

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Type 1

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Diabetic patients due to life style

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Type 2

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• To check if Pancreas is still properly working

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Test for glucose metabolism

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test for glucose metabolism is used to check what organ

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Pancreas

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1. Patient will take high carbohydrate diet 2-3 days prior to test 2. Then fasting for 10-12 hours a. No food, no drugs, no vitamins b. Sometime water is allowed 3. Patient will take 100 g of glucose beverage for 5 minutes only 4. Draw blood after 2 hours.

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2hour post pdandial glucose

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• approximately 150 g of carbohydrate diet 3 days prior to test • Adults give 75 g of glucose beverage and 1 g per kilogram of weight for children and young adults • 50-75 g for detecting gestational diabetes

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Glucose Tolerance Test

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• approximately ----- of carbohydrate diet 3 days prior to test

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150g

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how many grams for detecting gestational diabetes

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50-75g

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• done same as manner as a 2 hr GTT • used to determine mucosal lactase • false positive in patients with small bowel reactions and slow gastric emptying, Chron's disease and cystic fibrosis

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Lactose tolerance test

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Lactose Tolerance Test is used to determine

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Mucosal Lactase

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collected before the administration of the next scheduled dose

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trough levels

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peak levels of IV administration

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collected 30 mins after

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peak levels of IM administration

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Collected 1 hour after

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peak levels of oral intake

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1-2 hrs after

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• Withdrawalof large volume of blood e.g. approx 500 mL

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Theraputic Phlebotomy

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when Bone marrow is producing too much blood in the body

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Polycythemia

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too much ion in the body

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hemochromatosis

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iron regulator

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hepcidin

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what volume.of blood is withdrawn in theraputic phlebotomy

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500 ml

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• detection of poisons

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toxicology specimens

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Concerned with detection of toxins and treatment for the effect they produced

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Clinical Toxicology

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Concerned with legal consequences of toxin exposure, both intentional and accidental

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Forensic Toxicology

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o rapidly detects seven major of drugs abuse

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TOX drug screen device

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•collected in a special trace element-free tubes •royal blue tubes containing EDTA, Heparin or no additive

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Trace Elements

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point of care testing is also known as

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Alternate site testing

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bleeding of anus

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red stool

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bleeding of digestive system

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black stool