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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the principals of communication? |
unintentional, impossible not to communicate, irreversible, unrepeatable, and complex process |
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What are the 3 components of messages? |
content, affect, and relational. |
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definitions of interpersonal communication and meta-communication? |
interpersonal - quality of the communication as people get to know each other meta-communication - communicating about communication |
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What's the breadth and depth of the Altman and Taylor's Social Penetration Theory? |
1) Breadth - number of topics shared with another person
2) Depth - how personal the self disclosure is |
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What are the levels/types of self-disclosure? |
1) Cliche’s - superficial small talk
*Allow to interact with minimal risk
2) Facts - generally not too risky - often demographics 3) Opinions - involve value judgements, so more potential for disagreement and conflict 4) Feelings - own emotions, often more personal |
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What are the factors affecting appropriateness? |
1) people move through levels at different rates - can be uncomfortable for people
2) takes time to develop trust needed for deeper self-disclosures 3) appropriateness of self disclosure is affected by timing, relevancy, reciprocity (fairly even self disclosures for each person), cultural expectations |
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What is the Johari Window? |
The Johari window is information about yourself. Known - open Unknown - blind |
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Four components to Self-Concept? |
1. Material - everything about you. (appearance, age, health, etc.)
2. Psychological - mentally (beliefs, self esteem, values, attitudes, etc.) 3. Social - how you fit into groups (occupation, status, etc.) 4. Ideal - how YOU want to be. |
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Difference between perceived vs. presenting selves? |
perceived - how you view yourself privately
presenting - how you try to come across to others |
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How can Self-Concept develop? |
1. biology - genetic influences
2.reflected appraisal - tend to develop self-concept that matches how we believe others see us - as others label us, we tend to label ourselves. - especially for significant others. |
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What are the biology, reflected appraisal, social comparison, and coping mechanisms of Self-Concept? |
1. biology - genetic influences 2. reflected appraisal - end to develop self-concept that matches how we believe others see us 3. social comparison - evaluate ourselves based on how we compare to others: rank things, use reference groups, value in ourselves what society values. 4. coping mechanisms - dysfunctional families - main caregivers are not able to consistently fulfill |
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What is self-fulfilling prophecies and what are the types? |
Self-fulfilling prophecies - when expectation affects the outcome 2 types: self-imposed - your expectations affect your own or others’ behavior other-imposed - when others’ expectations affect you |
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How can you change Self-Concept? |
1. Have realistic expectations 2. Have realistic perception of yourself 3. Must have a will to change 4. Learn to change 5. Focus on changing yourself, not others. |
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What is Social Media? What is Mediated Communication? |
Social Media - “electronic communication through which users create online communities” Mediated Communication - “connecting through electronic medium rather than face to face” |
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Why do people like social media? what's the neuro science? |
Neuroscience
- brains wired to crave instant gratification, a fast pace and unpredictability
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“seeking drive” -> social media is very rewarding ( same brain physiology as for gambling addicts ) |
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What are the benefits of social media in terms of relationships and support? |
1) more opportunities for relationships - “low friction” to create and maintain relationships
2) sustaining and enriching relationships - texting, Facebook, blogging. - long-distance romantic relationships (25-50% college student’s relationships. video leads to longer, more personal communication) 3) social support - beyond close friends and family |
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Drawbacks to social media? |
1. Communication skills
(a) Decrease in empathy makers. (need eye contact) (b) Conflict resolution skills - worse w/ texts (c) Deception - easier (d) Deep reading skills - need more long term focus 2. Relationships (a) Superficial relationships (can sustain ~ 150 relationships (b) Relational deterioration (too heavy wage) (c) Stalking, Cyber-bullying 3. Self-concept/Mental health (a) Social isolation - lonliness correlated preference online (b) FOMO - Fear of missing out - hypervigilance - Self-worth = measured by others responses rather than own personal standard - Maximizers vs. Satisfiers *maximizers want the best options *satisfiers want any option that will work ( People are less happy with more choices, but internet is making people “maximizers”) (c) Lonliness instead of solitude
- Brain needs time alone w/ thoughts - for stable sense of self & creativity
- w/ more social media, don’t learn to be alone comfortably - growing lonliness |
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What is Perception? |
Taking in and interpreting information from the environment. |
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How is selection involved with Perception? |
Selection - what we pay attention to.
-selective attention - only pay attention to some of what’s going on around us. -selective retention - only remember a small amount of our original perceptions (our memories are increasingly inaccurate overtime) |
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What are the environmental factors involving perception? |
Environmental factors: Color, Size, Intensity, Contrast, Isolation, Movement, Repetition,
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What are the organizations to perception? |
a. figure/ground: figure - what you focus on. ground - everything else
b. closure - brain adds missing info. to complete the perception |
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What are the social influences of perception? |
1. Physiological influences
- age, health, being tired
- different sense abilities
- cycles ( men & women ) daily cycles, weekly cycles, monthly cycles, yearly cycles
2. Personal background - experiences, assumptions, expectations, self-esteem, needs 3. Cultural influences - world views - cultural norms/ expectations 4. Social roles - different perspectives based on job, soc. ec. status, family roles, etc. |
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What are some common errors in perception? |
1. Cling to first impressions
2. Assume others are similar to us ( esp. if you like them ) 3. Tend to way negative impressions over positive 4. Blame innocent victims for own misfortune |
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What are the range of expressions and comfort levels in expressing, physiological changes, nonverbal expressions, verbal expressions, and intensity? |
1. Physiological changes - similar for a range of emotions
Blood pressure goes up, Palms sweat, Pupils will often dilate
2. Nonverbal signs - express our feelings nonverbally also, have a feedback loop where the non-verbals shape the emotional experience. 3. Verbal expression -
-lots of words to describe - words chosen to describe emotion shape the experience
-how we feel & express our emotions may be that connected ( affected by cultural differences )
4. Intensity - can vary in how intensely we feel our emotions
- influenced by gender
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Difference between facilitative and debilitative emotions? |
Facilitative emotions - any emotional response ( positive or negative ) that helps person deal w/ situation.
Debilitative emotions - so intense and/or felt for so long that they limit the effective functioning. |
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