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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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C'est quoi la politique oligarchique?
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- une petite minorité sont au pouvoir - faible pourcentage de personnes avec le droit de voter - not representative of the whole society |
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What is authoritarian? |
- favoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority, especially that of the government, at the expense of personal freedom. |
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L'indigène et le progrès? |
- resurgence of the romanization of the indigenous people and their power and culture - however people worshiped the heroes of the revolution and diluted the idealism of the indigenous - thought that the indigenous weaken the state and oppose the development of a unified national identity. |
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Why did the indigenous weaken the state during times where they wanted to achieve progress? |
- they didn't belong to a group, these people were lost - they were associated with rural farm work - in places with high concentration of indigenous people, they acted as if they were their own separate entity from the state - governing themselves ect. |
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C'est quoi un peones? |
- Quelqu'un qui travaille sur les hacienda et reçoi de quoi en échange.. Travail pour subsistence - n'ont plus de liens avec communauté indigène - very common in countries with small indigenous populations |
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What's a gaucho? |
- wants to live free - mestizo - state didn't like them because they were hard to control |
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Why did population of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay grow very fast between 1850-1900? |
- lots of immigrants who were attracted by the fact that there was relative peace and fewer internal conflicts than other south american countries. This also made it more attractive for investors |
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Why did countries want immigration? |
- help economic development - need workers (and educated ones) - also another smaller reason was that they wanted to clean up blood... increase population of europeans to indigenous ratio. |
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Why is the specific region of argentina, brazil, uruguay called “Amérique du Sud tempérée” and “ Amérique du Sud tropicale” ? |
- because of the temperature and what can grow there - temperature is more similar to europe |
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What country was the principal location for immigrants between 1850-1900? |
Argentina |
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What kind of immigrants migrated to Argentina between 1850-1900? What was their benefit to society? |
- Italians - they were educated workers who were already interested in politics |
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Why was the wave of immigration in Argentina and Brazil important politically?
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- helped to consolidate working class and perpetuate socialism and anarchism |
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What was one problem when immigrants came to latin america? |
The land was already taken.. so they would often arrive and have to turn right back around. |
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Plus grande stabilité politique.. case of Argentina, Chili, Uruguay and Costa Rica.. |
- Economy stabilized and therefore they could concentrate on political organization - Arrival of new political parties... no longer oligarchic - New middle class - Improved social conditions: start talking about workers rights, strikes, allowing more people to vote, less investments in the army, |
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When Argentina, Chili, Uruguay and Costa Rica start having more political stability, what social issues begun being addressed? |
- workers rights - the right to strike - élargir suffrage (more people can vote) - less investments in the army |
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Where and what were the institutional oligarchies? |
- brazil, colombia, el salvador, peru, bolivia - during this period, the political life in these countries continued much as it did before, with few holding the power and a weak participation. however, they did manage to respect the institutions to gain power. |
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Ou y avait-il de la persistance dictatorial en Amérique Latine? |
- Mexique, Guatemala, Equateur, Venezuela, Paraguay - beaucoup de coups d'état pour prendre le pouvoir |
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What does it mean when there were external interventions in latin american politics? |
- interventions of USA - interventions of church - cuba, panama, nicaragua, haiti, dominican republic |
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What was Theodore Rosevelt's Good Neighbour policy |
- US policy towards Latin America of "non-intervention" and "non-interference" in the internal affaires of latin-american countries. |
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What was the war of the pacific? |
War between chili against peru + bolivia
- chili won and got lots of land |
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What is hegemony? |
The control of one country over another... In certain terms it is accepted by the submissive country, despite revolves. It's a relationship of "acceptation" of domination. |
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Hegemony moved from what country to what country? |
Moved from Europe to USA. USA became the new hegemon |
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Describe US in the beginning of twentieth century... |
-social peace - industrialisations starts - wants to open market - latin america represents new potential markets |
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What is the doctrine of Monroe?
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- "Non-intervention" of europe in Latin America - USA proclaims latin america under it's protection and any intervention from Europe would be seen as an act of war. |
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C'est quoi l'ammendement platt? |
- agreement between cuba and USA that USA had the right to intervene in the internal affaires of cuba at any time. |
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Which two countries gained independence with the help of United States but became dependent on USA afterward? |
- Cuba and Panama Cuba: US annexed Puerto Rico ( that was Spanish at the time, under pretext that the spanish had blown up a US boat) Panama: Panama was part of Colombia and revolt against colombia was armed by US. US paid off Colombia to let Panama have it's independence so USA could build canal. |
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Les motivations des Etats-Unis sont toujours: |
- geostratégique( expansion de territoire) - intérêt économique - ouverture de ces marchés - sécurité national - politiques |
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Why was Honduras important to the United States? |
Here they trained guerrillas "contras" in combat to fight in Nicaragua. |
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What are the two main characteristics of the neocolonialism and authoritarian power period? |
- exports boom - neocolonialisme of US |
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What is the exportation boom in Mexico between 1877 and 1910 linked to? |
The political idea of "progrès" pushed by Porfirio Diaz |
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What's the difference between neocolonialism and colonialism? |
1. not effectuated by the same countries... before it was spain, france, england... now it is US 2. does not operate the same way, US and UK don't technically govern these countries but do so through the economy. 3. Neocolonialist power does not exercise power over politics or governance directly 4. Imperialism of united states - new relationsihp of domination |
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At the beginning of the 20th century, what supports the booming production/ exportation? |
- agrarian capitalism - maintenance of class and race hierarchies - growth of middle class - great wealth and luxuriousness in the capitals |
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What are some of the consequences of agrarian capitalism? |
- devastation des campagnes: rich appropriated land to make haciendas - destruction of traditional style of life: natives and church lost land, no more small scale farming - impauverishment of rural communities - lois anti-vagabondage... forcing people to work, you can't just wander |
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C'était quoi la lois anti-vagabondage?
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- forçait les gens a travailler et a rester dans une place, il ne pouvait plus se promener et vagabonder ou qu'il le voulait. |
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Describe the neocolonial period between 1880-1910 |
- investissement étranger demandais un capital intensif - US was unhappy because lots of capital and money was coming into latin america and yet they still weren't paying their debts - exports were all raw materials or products of the "elites", never anything artistic or social that represented indigenous peoples. |
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describes what happens in fordlandia |
- uk had stolen caoutcouc seeds from US so they had monopoly over market but they were charging too much - ford decided to open plant in brazil - they housed workers and built a city for factory - what caused fordlandia's downfall.... the trees caught an illness and all of them died. |
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Who were the main players in Mexican revolution? |
Porfirio Diaz - Dictateur libéral 1876-1911 “Progresso”… wanted country to be modern and progressive Francisco Madero - Réformateur. Elu président 1911 et assassiné et 1913 Général Huerta - Coup d’Etat - 16 mois de guerre civile Pancho Villa - Leader révolutionnaire du nordEmiliano Zapata - Leader révolutionnaire du sudVenustiano Carranza - Succéda Huerta à la présidence de 1915 à 1920 - Réformateur constitutionnalise tries to do legislative reforms |
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Who made the plan of Ayala? |
Emilio Zapata
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Describe emilio Zapata and his following |
- from south area of morellos - followers were peasant - he was organized and created plan of ayala asking government for land reform |
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Describe Pancho Villa |
- less organized than Zapata - from the north - very charismatic - his army took trains to fight - followed Zapata's organization for agrarian reforms |
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Who is Venustiano Carranza |
- succeeded Huerta in the presidency in Mexico - was a constitutional reformist |
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Who was general Huerta? |
- took power after a coop d'état in mexico |
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Who was Francisco Madero? |
- educated - ran as opposition to porfirio diaz in his 8th term - won in 1911 and was assassinated in 1913 |
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When is the new constitution made in Mexico and what is the main ideology attached? |
1917 and it's nationalism |
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What are some of the things that come with nationalism and the new constitution in Mexico? |
- valorisation de l'indigène - critique of how they were mistreated - indigenous population were seen as citizens |
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What is the war of Chaco? |
Bolivia and Paraguay - chaco is a region w/ petrol - territorial disputes - paraguay doubled it's land at the end of the war |
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What is industrialisation par substitutions des importations and why did it happen in latin america? |
- Great depression - America wasn't buying Latin America's exports - They realized they needed to produce internally |
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What is import substitution industrialization? |
A trade and economic policy which advocates replacing foreign imports with domestic production. ISI is based on the premise that a country should attempt to reduce its foreign dependency through the local production of industrialized products. |
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Who was Getúlio Vargas? |
- Estado Novo de Brazil - Brazilian dicator, very loved but very hated - committed suicide in office - believed that they needed to industrialize brazil at all costs - priority to ISI - Incorporation of working classes: wanted to demobilize workers by giving them benefits, creating of cooperative syndicate - music like tango and samba were given favour because they weren't "American" - he celebrated the mix of races in brazil |
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Universal suffrage rights..... |
- didn't come right away to men and women equally - men first , other than bolivia - people that were illiterate often couldn't vote, this eliminated a large portion of poor people from being able to vote. - |
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Why did women not get to vote as quicklY? |
- argument that they didn't understand politics because they were at home and didn't get in contact with politics in their daily lives - big group and might vote against government |
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Describe populist leaders ... |
- charismatic (to appear to population) - nationalist and anti-imperialist discourse - rally of working and middle classes - mobilization of leaders to reach people - importance of urban workers - emotional ideology - social justice/protection - for industrial development - nationalization of industries and companies |
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Argentinian populism... |
... aka peronisme - Eva et Juan Pérone |
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Que reprend le nationalisme? |
reprend l'indigénisme, le nationalisme est contre le blanchissement |
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C'est quoi l'organisation des Etats Americains? |
inter-continental organization founded on 30 April 1948, for the purposes of regional solidarity and cooperation among its member states. - every country has a vote.. but some countries are basically run by US so US has more votes |
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Why did US intervene in Guatemala? |
- geopolitics - guatemala wanted marxist government and guatemala is too close to US and US is anti marxist - United Fruit company was located in Guatemala and US couldn't let company fall to the communists - this was during cold war |
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Was the guatemalan revolution during the cold war? |
yes |
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Which countrie's capital city did the US bomb? |
Guatemala's |
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What does the indigenous revolt in Bolivia push for? |
- land reforms and nationalization of mines (were focused in hands of 3 bolivians) |
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What was the dirty war/ where? |
- by argentina's military dictatorship - also called El proceso de reorganization nacional - fight against argentinian people... - often kidnapped people |
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C'est quoi l'Alliance pour le progrès? |
- crée par président des états-unis pour renforcer la coopération entre Amérique nord + sud |
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What was Escula de las Americas in Panama? |
It was a military training centre for the United States |
