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123 Cards in this Set
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Temple of Hera I, Paestum Archaic Greece Doric style. Heavy, closely spaced, cigar-shaped columns. Worship the gods through procession- walk around the temple |
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Temple of Artemis, Corfu Archaic Greece Doric style, goddess of the hunt, healing- place of healing. In the center is Medusa surrounded by two panthers (and her children?) Medusa is intended to be the guardian, stop evil spirits from entering |
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Siphinian Treasury, Delphi Archaic Greece Ionic style, storage house for the city's votive offerings. Caryatids (woman column) on the porch and sculptures in the pediment and frieze |
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Temple of Aphaia, Aegina Archaic Greece Doric Temple- columns more slender and widely spaced. Aphaia is Zeus' lover. Pediment represents Trojan War scenes. Figure pulling arrow out of chest- archaic smile to appear more heroic |
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Dying warriors from Temple of Aphaia |
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Kouros from Attica Archaic Greece Idealized body, Egyptian pose"youth (male) "found in cemetery- grave marker. Left foot forward |
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Kouros from Anavysos Archaic Greece More naturalistic proportions- more rounded face, torso, and limbs. Arms are unattached from torso. Stood over the grave of Kroisos, a young man who died a hero's death in battle |
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Peplos Kore Archaic Greece She is clothed, unlike the Kouros. Votive statue of a goddess wearing 4 garments. Garment tight to the body- revealing. Found in a temple |
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Kore in Ionian Dress Archaic Greece Asymmetrical patterns. Wearing thin, soft material, soft smile |
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Calf Bearer Archaic Greece Not a kouros figure- he is clothed, has a beard, hands are not on the side. Votive figure- he's making an offering (to Athena). Archaic smile- to indicate that he's alive, set them apart from the Egyptians? left foot forward |
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Francois Vase Archaic Greece Lots of mythological figures. Created by both a painter and a potter. Battle scenes |
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Achilles and Penthesilea by Exekias Archaic Greece Amphora. Penthesilea- queen of the Amazons. Achilles is killing Penthesilea |
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Ajax and Achilles Playing a Game by Exekias Archaic Greece Black Figure painting. They are gambling, portrays the night before they go into the battlefield. Curvature of the spines matches the vessel |
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Ajax and Achilles Playing a Game by Lysippides and Andokides Painters Archaic Greece A copy of Exekias' design. Bilingual amphora: one side black, one side red (figures)red figure- more anatomical detail |
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Death of Sarpedon by Euphronios Archaic Greece Dead guy- foreshortening technique. Looks like people are moving in a 3-D space |
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Herakles Wrestling Antaios by Euphronios Archaic Greece Bodies are twisted and occupy space, struggle between Herakles and Antaios. Red figure technique |
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Three Revelers by Euthymides Archaic Greece Celebrating the rights of Bacchus- drinking and intoxicated. The bodies are out of proportion; the bodies are foreshortened "Euthymides painted me as Euphronios never could!" |
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Girl Preparing to Bathe Archaic Greece Young nude woman 3/4 view. Inside a kylix (drinking bowl) |
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Palace of Darius and Xerxes, Persepolis, Iran Ancient Persia Situated on a high plateau, heavily fortified complex. Reliefs of different nations' representatives bringing tribute. Huge columns |
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Gold Rhyton Ancient Persia Gold winged lion. Drinking/pouring vessel that would likely be found on a table at a royal palace- trumpet like shape |
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Temple of Hera II, Paestum (Temple of Apollo) Classical Greece Doric style, 6 x 14 columns, wider space between columns, columns bulge out at the center |
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Temple of Zeus, Olympia Classical Greece Figures change posture to fit the triangular pediment. Depicts a chariot race different photo: the hero thinks that he is holding the cosmos on his own but in reality Athena is helping him |
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Temple of Zeus, Olympia Classical Greece The hero thinks that he is holding the cosmos on his own but in reality Athena is helping him |
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Kritios Boy Classical Greece First sculpture to show how a person naturally stands- weight balanced on one foot (contrapposto) severe face- no smile. Head is slightly turned |
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Charioteer of Delphi Classical Greece Bronze statue. One foot slightly up, vacant face. Clothes look natural. Use of light and shadows to appear naturalistic. Used to be part of a group of statues including a groom, horses, and a chariot |
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Riace Warrior Classical Greece Standing in contrapposto. He is a warrior. Represents natural motion in space |
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Zeus or Poseidon Classical Greece Both arms extended. Right heel off ground. Shows motion. If it was holding a thunderbolt- Zeus, if it was holding a trident- Poseidon |
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Discus Thrower by Myron Classical Greece Idealized body. He is holding the discus incorrectly, tension in body, expressionless face, head turned away from spectator |
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Frescoes from the Tomb of the Diver Classical Greece Depicts someone diving into the ground. Symbolizes someone entering the underworld. Symposium-intellectual discussion, drinking, waiting for more wine. Wine- funeral activity. Homosexuality- 2 guys sitting on couch |
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Artemis and Apollo slaying the children of Niobe by Niobid Painter Classical Greece The 2 siblings kill Niobe's children because Niobe bragged to their mother about her perfect children which made their mother sad- revenge |
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Warrior taking leave of his wife by Achilles Painter Classical Greece Vessel used to hold perfumed oil. Used to pour perfumed oil over the dead. Man died in battle- returning to his wife, giving her his helmet. Solemn, respectful interaction |
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Acropolis, Athens by Kallikrates and Iktinos Classical Greecec City on a hill- most sacred place in Athens. Built so that no single building takes priority |
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Propylaia, Athens by Mnesikles Classical Greece Doric columns, entrance to the Acropolis. Enlarged space between 2 center columns to create an entrance |
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Erechtheion, Athens by Mnesikles Classical Greece Ionic style temple- volutes at the top of the columns contains caryatids- female figure columns. Honored Athena |
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Temple of Athena Nike, Athens by Kallikrates Classical Greece Ionic temple. Celebrates Athena as the bringer of victory. |
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Athena adjusting her sandal (Temple of Athena Nike), Athens by Kallikrates Classical Greece Athena taking off her shoes because it's a holy place. Nearly transparent garments. Awkward position looks elegant |
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Parthenon Classical Greece Athens. Cella contains cult image of a golden Athena. Columns bulge out in the middle. Stylobate curved- bulges out in the middle. Outside- doric, inside- ionic |
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Stela of Hegeso Classical Greece Hegeso's tombstone- grave marker. Hegeso examines jewelry from a box held by a servant. Serene moment, contemplative, emotional. Seated, harmonious figures |
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Spear Bearer (by Polykleitos)- Doryphoros Classical Greece Contrapposto perfect idealization of a man. Naturalism and idealism. Served as a model for Roman athletes |
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Pericles (by Kresilas) Classical Greece Bust on a square pillar. Warrior helmet, younger features. Unblemished, perfect physique- almost godlike |
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Sanctuary of Apollo, Delphi Classical Greece Doric style outside, corinthian style inside |
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Stele of a young hunter (by follower of Skopas) Classical Greece Grandfather, father, and son. Child sits in the corner weeping. Grandfather looks like he is pondering- "why not me?"they mourn the loss of the young man |
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Scraper (by Lysippos) Classical Greece After athletic activity, greeks would pour oil on their body and then scrape off the sweat. Shows the aftermath of athletic activity |
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Weary Herakles/Farnese Hercules (by Lysippos) Classical Greece He is huge- very muscular. He looks exhausted, so tired that he leans against his club. The statue would've been placed by the baths in Rome and provide inspiration to people coming to the baths to exercise |
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Aphrodite of Knidos (by Praxiteles) Classical Greece Goddess of love and fertility. Nude woman (especially goddess)- unusual. Next to a bath towel, she's covering up to conceal her sexuality- pudica |
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Hermes and the infant Dionysos (by a follower of Praxiteles) Classical Greece Sensuous gazes into space. Dangles grapes to tempt the infant wine god. Tender human interaction between adult and child |
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Stag hunt mosaic (from Pella Greece) Classical Greece Pebble mosaic- lots of tiny tiles. Name of the artist displayed boldly at the top |
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Hades abducting Persephone, (Tomb I at Vergina Greece) Classical Greece Persephone's body- foreshortening. Intense drama. Use of shading (and foreshortening) Persephone's hair and garments blow in the wind as Hades holds persephone and steers the chariot |
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Theatre, Epidauros Classical Greece Theatre situated on hillside- seats overlooking the orchestra. Open air- you can hear the actors and chorus |
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Monument to Lysikrates Classical Greece Giant cantus leaf at the top |
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Alexander the Great Hellenistic Greece Wild man- hair, passionate. Probably the king's official portrait |
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Mosaic of Alexander the Great and Darius III Hellenistic Greece Foreshortening, figures in color, reflections and shadows. Psychological intensity of warfare. Battle of Isus- Greek vs. Persians. Fear of the Persians- they know Alex is going to win |
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Temple of Apollo, Didyma Turkey Hellenistic Greece Open to the sky (hypaethral) featured a double peripteral (dipteral) inner courtyard w/ a small shrine that housed a statue of Apollo. Marked sharp departure from Classical Greek temple design which stressed building's exterior and left the interior underdeveloped |
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Gallic Chieftan Killing His Wife and Himself (by Epigones) Hellenistic Greece Chieftain preferred death to surrender. Kills wife because she would've been sold as a slave. Wife's body is limp and powerless. Intensity of the suicidal act, theatrical gestures, twisting posture |
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Dying Gaul (by Epigones) Hellenistic Greece Defeated, depicted as barbarian w/ bushy hair, mustache, and and neck bands. Also depicted as a noble foe who fought to the death. Blood pours out of the gash on his chest. Develop empathy for him |
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Seated Boxer Hellenistic Greece He looks defeated- seated, hands down. Older, veteran boxer, no idealized body and face. Leather thongs wrapped around his hands |
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Market Woman Hellenistic Greece Elderly woman- sagging face, breasts, clothing. Hunched over, she is from the lowest rung of society,bringing a basket of food to sell. Interest in time- not an idealized, youthful figure. Social realism |
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Aphrodite, Eros, and Pan Hellenistic Greece Eros (cupid) is playfully grabbing Pan's horn. Pan thinks he's going to get sex w/ Aphrodite, but she is about to hit him w/ her sandal. Sculpture of passion. A man would display this in his home to say that even though he's ugly, he gets close to the beautiful woman- makes him appear modest |
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Sleeping Eros Hellenistic Greece Aftermath of a long day of making people fall in love. Eros is outside of his archetype. Sleeping linked with desire? Classical period- rational-- this sculpture is not rational bc he's dreaming (turning away from the classical period) |
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Sleeping Satyr/Berberini Faun Hellenistic Greece Tired out from drinking all day (sexually exhausted?) lack of consciousness- antithesis of classical period ideas |
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Altar of Zeus and Athena Hellenistic Greece Deep relief of Zeus and Athena both fighting-lots of action. Emotional power, vivid depictions of death and suffering, victims' faces reveal pain and anguish |
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Nike of Samothrace Hellenistic Greece Indicates that she is the bow of a boat. Wind whipped, wet drapery from being hit by water- reveals her figure. Her wings are still beating, elaborate wings show great skill and craftsmanship set in a fountain to look like water hitting a ship |
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Aphrodite of Melos/Venus de Milo Hellenistic Greece Overtly sexual- slipping garment. She looks uncomfortable- weird body position, meant to entice the spectator |
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Laocoon and his sons Hellenistic Greece Sea serpents attacking Laocoon and his sons. Laocoon is much larger than his sons, indicating his role and authority. This would be found in the courtyard of a wealthy person- meant to start conversation, make one appear educated. Killed bc of the deception of the Trojan Horse |
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Head of Odysseus from Sperlonga Hellenistic Greece His face shows the horror of addressing the storm. Emotionally charged, swirling locks of hair |
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Demosthenes Hellenistic Greece Orator, directly confronting the audience. Looks frail sad expression. Man of great courage and moral conviction. Hands folded- he is thinking, he's listening instead of speaking |
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City Plan (Priene) Hellenistic Greece Grid plan, regardless of uneven terrain. Hippodamus wanted the city to be logically and regularly planned |
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Reconstruction of an Etruscan Temple Etruscan Sculpture is on top, not on the pediment. Tuscan order- column style. No stylobate, narrow staircase at the center in the front. Widely spaced, unfluted wood columns only at the front, tile covered roof. Walls of sun dried mud brick |
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Apollo from Veii Etruscan One foot in front of the other. Raised arms- in motion: not a kouros figure. Placed on the roof of a temple |
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Tumuli, Banditaccia Etruscan They would bury several generations here. Multi chambered rock-cut underground tombs covered by great earthen mounds |
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Tomb of Shields and Chairs, Banditaccia Etruscan The tomb is almost a sort of house/gathering place. Tomb was the style of a typical Etruscan house |
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Tomb of the Reliefs, Banditaccia Etruscan Painted stucco reliefs covering the walls and piers. Stools, mirrors, drinking cups, other items- reminder of the houses of the living, symbolize things that you may need in the afterlife. Beds for dead family members |
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Tomb of the Augurs, Tarquinia Etruscan Depict funerary games in honor of the deceased. Two gesturing men flanking a large door- probably a symbolic entrance to the underworld. Two men covering their foreheads- could signify solute or mourning |
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Tomb of Hunting and Fishing, Tarquinia Etruscan Inconsistency in portion of images. Motion and movement, scenes of young men enjoying the pleasures youth dives off a rock |
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Tomb of Leopards, Tarquinia Etruscan Not naturalistic. Male is red, woman is white, similar to Egyptian. Scenes of movement and dancing. Symposium- dancers, musicians, and women (Etruscan had more say than Greek women). |
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Sarcophagus, Cerveteri Etruscan Husband and wife are buried; it's a marriage bed and deathbed. In Etruscan culture, if the man dies, so does the woman. |
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Chimera of Arezzo Etruscan Chimera was a Greek challenge. Aggressive pose, doesn't follow optimal naturalism. |
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She-Wolf Etruscan Children added much later. Sucky thingies very prominent, braided fur is not natural. Very long neck. Looks concerned, neck is turned- needs to defend Romulus and Remus. |
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Aule Meteles/L'Arringtore Etruscan Shows connection to Rome. Senators' worth is in public speaking. Statue is addressing an audience. |
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City of Rome Roman Republican |
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Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, Palestrina Roman Republican HUUUGE complex. Made of cement, which is easier to get, cheaper, and can use forms. Very theatrical building. Post and lintel construction with Doric columns, but also uses an Etruscan arcade; blend of Greek and Etruscan. |
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Temple of Portunus/Temple of Fortuna Virilis, Rome Roman Republican Ionic volutes. Pediment and implied peristyle (doesn't actually go all the way around). Etruscan influence (frontal emphasis w/ porch). |
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Temple of the Vesta, Tivoli Roman Republican Corinthian columns. Frontal orientation w/ porch. Like Etruscans, Romans go inside of temples. |
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Forum, Pompeii Roman Republican Sea resort, cooler temps. We can pinpoint date and culture because of eruption of Vesuvius. Arenas, theatres, prostitution- infrastructure built for the rich. |
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Amphitheatre, Pompeii Roman Republican "Double" Greek theatre. Structure built straight up from the ground, unlike Greeks. Shows were related to Greek stories. |
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House of the Vettii, Pompeii Roman Republican Gardens, sculptures were imitations of Greek works. Gives sense of culture. |
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Roman Patrician with Two Heads Roman Republican Not idealized in Greek fashion. Veristic portraiture- true to appearances (mostly done with heads). |
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Head of an Old Man Roman Republican Veristic |
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Portrait of a Roman General Roman Republican Veristic head, idealized body. |
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Painting from the Samnite House, Herculaneum Roman Republican Incrustation Style (1st Style) Paint wall to resemble precious materials. Doesn't work when everyone knows it's fake. |
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Paintings from the Villa of Mysteries Roman Republican Architectural Style (2nd style) Makes room seem larger. Virtual reality effect; area looks like a stage, room seems larger. These paintings are of worship of Bakkhus, an initiation scene. |
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Paintings from the Villa at Boscoreale Roman Republican Architectural style. Like looking out of a window; surface-denying. Looking into a city-scape. |
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Garden Scene from Villa of Livia at Primaporta Roman Republican Architectural style. Garden scene livens up the room. Gives fresh atmosphere, makes room seem larger. |
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Ara Pacis, Rome Early Roman Empire Originally on a hill dedicated to Mars. Altar of peace. Steps are Etruscan. Greek order (Corinthian "columns"), exterior images are Hellenic. Shows people and children parading around Ara Pacis itself. Octavian wanted Romans to have kids. Emphasizes historia |
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Augustus of Primaporta Early Roman Empire Augustus is formal title, related to "augur", meaning high priest. Produced after his death. In contrapposto. Cupid next to him (Caeser line goes back to Venus and Cupid). Breastplate- conquering of Gaul. |
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Livia Early Roman Empire Looks young, but still representative. Augustus' wife. |
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Pont du Gard, Nimes, France Early Roman Empire Aqueduct- brick and concrete. Very specific slope. Arcade- arches minimize weight and wind resistance. Amaaaaazing engineering. |
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Maison Carrée, Nimes, France Early Roman Empire Built over indigenous temple. Marble. High podium, implied peristyle, corinthian order. |
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Painting from Villa at Boscotrecase Early Roman Empire Ornate style (3rd style) Can see the surface of the wall, doesn't deny surface. Analogous to wallpaper. Doesn't give impression that room is bigger than it actually is. |
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Paintings from the House of the Vettii Intricate/Forestyle (4th style) Combination of first three styles |
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Still Life with Peaches, Herculaneum Early Roman Empire Objects not important, painting is important. |
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Painting from the Domus Aurea of Nero, Rome Early Roman Empire Inctricate/Forestyle (4th style) Combination of the first three styles. Takes ideas from theatre- set designs. |
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Husband (Baker) and Wife, Pompeii Early Roman Empire Woman's status improved through literacy- same gesture |
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Colosseum, Rome Early Roman Empire Employs barrel vaults. Used to be Nero's private lake before Vespasian changed it. Has all three orders of columns. |
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Bust of Vespasian Early Roman Empire Veristic Style- "First among equals" idea, especially after Nero's reign |
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Arch of Titus, Rome Early Roman Empire Roman soldiers walked through it to the forum. Historia- Soldiers see themselves carrying loot from Jerusalem; procession. |
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Young Flavian Woman Early Roman Empire Smooth skin. Commissioned work- people want to be portrayed as beautiful, and a woman who has fancy hair has wealth. Not veristic because she's not a part of the gov't. |
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Reconstruction of the Basilica Ulpia, Rome Early Roman Empire Courtyard with semi-circular spaces (apse) coming off of it. Courtyard has equestrian statue of Trajan. Apses had images of Trajan or an actual judge there. |
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Reconstruction of Trajan's Market Early Roman Empire Groin vaults. Meats and produce downstairs, shopping mall upstairs- one stop shopping. |
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Column of Trajan, Rome Early Roman Empire Looks like a scroll, registers get bigger as they ascend to help the viewer see better. Historia- Trajan's victories. Vernacular style. |
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Timgad, Algeria Early Roman Empire Retirement city built by Trajan for soldiers. Directionality- city blocks. Distinct public and private space, 2 main streets. Arch to Trajan at entrance. |
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Pantheon, Rome Early Roman Empire There would have been steps up the building. Corinthian columns, made out of concrete in one continuous pour, not reinforced (!!! that's crazy, man!!). Dedicated to all of the gods; place for contemplation, uninterrupted space, cutouts reduce weight in dome. Oculus at top illuminates. Blends Etruscan and Greek. |
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Portrait of Hadrian Early Roman Empire Hellenic, marble portrait. Hadrian valued Greek dramas and sculptures. Had a wife Sabina and a lover Antinous. |
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Hadrian's Villa Early Roman Empire Built outside of town, unlike Nero. Huuuuge. Artificial lakes, grottos (artificial caves). Fusion of Greek and Etruscan (post and lintel with corinthian columns). Circular private theatre. |
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Base of the Column of Antonius Pius, Rome Early Roman Empire Hellenic, apotheosis. Deep carving, shows funeral procession in two views. |
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Equestrian Portrait of Marcus Aurelius Early Roman Empire Bronze. Would have been a guy getting trampled under the horse. Greek beard and hair. Aurelius was a stoic philosopher- this is shown in the statue as he has mastered his passions and emotions. Addressing an audience. |
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Commodus as Hercules Early Roman Empire Hercules shown through club, lion skin, apples. Commodus thought he actually was the reincarnation of Hercules, which was kind of a problem. Ended up being killed from either a stabbing or someone snapping his neck. Luttikhuizen and Berglund have to duke it out. |
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Rock-Cut Tomb at Petra, Jordan Early Roman Empire Greco-Roman design. Playful with designs- pediment there just to be seen. |
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Lion Capital from Column of Emperor Ashoka Maurya India Wheels- turning of the law. Lotus on bottom signifies divinity. Lions = royalty, Buddha shown as lions to avoid idolatry. |
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Yakshi Holding a Fly Whisk Maurya India Buddhist sculpture, not artwork. Fertility goddess. Fertility and sensuality connected to religion; not meant to be erotic. Analogous to couplings in plumbing/male and female ends in electrician work. Meant to display fruition, goodness, strength. |
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The Great Stupa, Sanchi Shunga/Early Andhra India People don't go inside stupa. Gateways = 4 directions. Walk around clockwise 8 times; gain enlightenment upon eightfold path. Clockwise = flow of time. |
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Chatiya Hall, Karla Shunga/Early Andhra India Axis mundi at front (wheel, lions, lotus, etc.). Lotuses with capitals of male and female embrace- shows strength. Walk around stupa at the back. |
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Paintings from the House of Julia Felix Early Roman Empire |
