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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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colorblindness
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According to Charles Gallagher, this term can be understood in two ways: 1) It is the idea that we should live in a society where people are treated equally regardless of their skin color; or 2) It is the belief that we are now a color-blind society where race no longer shapes life chances.
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white privilege
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A right, advantage, or immunity granted to or enjoyed by White persons beyond the common advantage of all others; an exemption in many particular cases from certain burdens or liabilities.
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poverty threshold
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1) The minimum level of income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate standard of living. The poverty threshold is sometimes referred to as the poverty line. 2) The poverty threshold is the dollar amount used to determine poverty status. Poverty thresholds vary according to family size and the ages of family members. The U.S. Census uses the same thresholds throughout the nation (i.e., they do not vary geographically). The poverty threshold is updated annually for inflation.
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absolute poverty
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The condition of being destitute, living well below the poverty line where life is dictated by uncertainty over the essentials of life (food, water, shelter, and clothing).
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relative poverty
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1) A sense of being economically underprivileged relative to some other person or group. 2) People are considered relatively impoverished if the customary (average) standard of living in their society requires more spending than the income they have available.
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positive credential
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A credential is a document or other signifier that attests to the qualification, competence, or authority issued to an individual. Devah Pager uses the example of a college degree as a “positive credential” that can help someone secure future employment.
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negative credential
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A “negative credential” is a “mark” against someone’s identity or record (such as being arrested or serving jail time) that may render that person vulnerable to discrimination or other forms of social exclusion.
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rules of colorblindness
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1.Race is all about skin color
2.Recognizing race is unacceptable a.Study of 17,000 families (of how children are raised, etc) i.Found: 75% of white families “never” or “almost never” talk about race. ii. Non-white parents were 3x more likely to talk to their children about race 3.Race is now a matter of choice 4.Racism is a personal problem 5.Class and culture, not institutional racism, are responsible for inequality |
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Why do opponents of this perspective argue that the ideology of colorblindness is so unrealistic—and even damaging—in terms of its perspective? [Hint: Review the reading by Charles Gallagher and the reading by Gunier and Torres and see your class notes on the major problems with “colorblindness.”]
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.”] it is something that will never go away. And it is something that you should be proud of, not erasing race completely. You cannot just ignore someone heritage or who they really are. Its not a compliment to say “I don’t even see you as black anymore your just my friend”. There are still institution problems.
major problems: 1. impossible to be “colorblind” in the US 2. Racial inequality is not a problem of individuals (difference in money and rights. Things that are issues with whole groups) 3. colorblindness masks entrenched racial inequality i. deliberately ii. unwittingly |
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According to Charles Gallagher, what role does the media play in perpetuating the ideology of colorblindness?
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Some television shows will show an over exaggeration of doctors being ethnic when really most are not. They try to make equal amounts of everyone on shows and news, etc.
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What statistics does Gallagher present to challenge the reader to think about how “colorblind” we actually are as a nation?
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look in book! do it!
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Are White or non-White families more likely to talk about race in their households? Why do you think this is?
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? Non- white families, because it doesn’t effect the white families as much. Minorities deal with race in daily life and need to be aware of it at a young age. Whites try to ignore it, which makes it actually more of an issue. Most white households don’t encounter race in a negative way.
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We discussed a long-term study of White and Black children that researchers at the University of Colorado have been conducting. What did the research reveal about children’s racial awareness at 6 months of age?
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They stared at the photo that was different then them for substantially longer At 3 years of age? the majority of white kids (86%) wanted to be with friends with white kids. Only 58% of black kids picked their own race. And at 5 years of age? they were asked to arrange a random set of pictures and a majority of children (68%) separated it by race.
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What does the research study that was conducted at the University of Texas suggest about the importance of speaking explicitly to children about race? Why does just showing children multiracial videos not work?
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The shows are too vague and they don’t work. You have to sit kids down and tell them straight up what is the difference. Biased for kids who were sat down and talked to about race had a lower biased toward races
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We watched a brief video clip of a lecture by Tim Wise on the importance of speaking explicitly about race. What did he say would have happened to the African American physician, Dr. Ossian Sweet, had Clarence Darrow (the lawyer) refused to talk about race in a court of law?
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He would have lost and been charged guilty. He basically told the jury they were racist, and wanted them to be better than that and prove him wrong, because he already knew they were racist. And they ended up winning. He said that if the white man was on trial for the same thing, he easily would have won and even been rewarded
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Explain Peggy McIntosh’s notion of White Privilege and offer examples of the daily effects of White Privilege.
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Ex: how band aids are “skin color” but they are only white. Not having to defend your whole race, etc. there are things we don’t think about everyday where whites are more privileged.
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Why does McIntosh use the metaphor of an “invisible knapsack” to explain the concept of White Privilege?
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Its an invisible layer of protection that we have
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Why does McIntosh argue that it is problematic when we only teach about one side of racism—the aspect that puts minorities at a disadvantage—without talking about the other side of racism—the aspect that puts Whites at an advantage?
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Because they don’t want to actually see who is too blame and who gets the advantage.
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What does McIntosh mean when she says that we need to do a better job of distinguishing between earned strength and unearned power?
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Earned strength: what you work to get (going to school for 8 years to be a doctor you make more money) earned power: a privilege given to because of who you born into the “right” family, ex: paris Hilton. Need to recognize the difference so that everyone can have an equal chance, not just given things because we are born into money and power.
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Whites are the top earners among how many of the 15 employment categories that we examined in class?
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All except 5 (tied for one) asians are the only other ones who are above whites in the categories
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What employment categories have the biggest gaps between White-Asian, White-Black, and White-Hispanic earning power?
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???
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Do these earning disparities prove discrimination?
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No. its not enough proof, it is not directly correlated with race. It’s the underlying idea but not enough to prove it
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Review the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) statistics on employment discrimination. According to these statistics, which characteristic (e.g., race, gender, age, etc.) is most likely to prompt discrimination in the workplace?
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Race is the highest one for discrimination, then gender.
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What percent of jobs do not appear in classified advertisements?
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70-80% it is based on connections and who you know or not. Whites know higher people usually (the CEOs are usually white) and the new immigrants probably don’t have a large network here.
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Explain what professional discrimination testers do for a living. What have audit studies taught us about the invisible forms of discrimination as they relate to a person’s name, race, and ethnicity?
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Did studies of different applications that are exactly the same but one has a racial name and the other does not. Most cases show that there is discrimination even to someone’s name. the white ones not only got offered the job but they were given better jobs, while ethnic people were “bumped down”
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Review the reading by Amy Braverman. How does the quality of a resume and a person’s name/race affect who gets called back for job interviews?
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Quality was most important, but it still was largely based on race, name.
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Review the reading by Devah Pager, and then answer the following questions: Where were the audit studies conducted?
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new york
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were the discrimination testers selected and trained?
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Yes they all got the same training. They tried to pick everyone of basically the same skills, height, background, only difference was their skin
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What percentage of the White male testers without and with a criminal record were called back for an interview?
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34% whites without record, 17% of whites with criminal records were called back
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What percentage of the Black male testers without and with a criminal record were called back for an interview?
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Without record is 14% and with criminal record 5%
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Drawing on the class lecture on Pager’s more recent work on race and employment in New York City, answer the following questions: What percentage of White, Latino, and Black male testers were called back for interviews? What types of jobs were they seeking?
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look up
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What do these findings say about the racial hierarchy in employment?
Pager’s work reveals that the chance for fair treatment or discrimination occurs at several different phases in the hiring process. Please explain the three categories that she used to describe the process of discrimination that occurs in employment hiring. Can you identify the examples from the research that were presented in class, and connect them to the different types of discrimination Pager identified? |
look up
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