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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Culture |
Knowledge, values, customs, and physical objects that are shared by the members of a society. |
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Society |
A group of people who inhabit a specific territory and share a common culture. |
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Instincts |
Innate (unlearned) patterns of behavior. |
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Reflex |
Automatic reaction to physical stimuli. |
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Drive |
Impulse to reduce discomfort. |
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Sociobiology |
The study of how biology influences human behavior. |
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Evolution |
A process of change from one point of development to another. |
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Hypothesis of linguistic relativity |
Theory stating that our ideas of reality depend largely upon language. |
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Exposure |
The state of being made known. |
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Adjacent |
Situated next two or nearby. |
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Norm |
Rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior |
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Violation |
The breaking of a rule or law. |
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Folksway |
Norms that lack of moral significance. |
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Mores |
Norms that have normal dimensions and that should be followed by members of the society. |
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Taboo |
A rule of behavior, the violation of which cost for strong punishment. |
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Law |
A norm that is formally defined and enforced by officials. |
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Sanctions |
Rewards and punishments used to encourage people to follow norms. |
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Formal sanctions |
Sanctions imposed by persons given special authority. |
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Informal sanctions |
Rewards or punishments that can be applied by most members of a group. |
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Values |
Broad ideas about what is good or desirable shared by people in a society. |
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Nonmaterial culture |
Ideas, knowledge, and beliefs that influence people's behavior. |
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Material culture |
The concrete, tangible objects of a culture. |
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Beliefs |
Ideas about the nature of reality. |
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Contrast |
dissimilar attributes among things with common natures. |
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Encounter |
To come across or meet. |
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Ideal culture |
Cultural guidelines that group members claim to accept. |
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Real culture |
Actual behavior patterns of members of a group. |
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Diversity |
The condition of being made of different elements such as racial identities, ethnicities, religious beliefs, and so on. |
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Social categories |
Groupings of persons who share a social characteristic. |
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Subculture |
A group that is part of the dominant culture but that differs from it and some important respects. |
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Counterculture |
A subculture deliberately and consciously opposed to certain central beliefs or attitudes of the dominant culture. |
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Ethnocentrism |
Judging others in terms of one's own cultural standards. |
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Cultural universals |
General cultural traits that exist in all cultures. |
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Similarity |
The quality of being alike. |
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Cultural particulars |
The way in which a culture expresses universal traits. |
