Sociology Test 3

Front 1

State of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities; can cope with the normal stresses of life; can work productively and fruitfully; is able to make a contribution to his or her community

Back 1

Mental Health

Front 2

Collectively all diagnosable mental disorders; depression is the most common type of mental illness in the USA

Back 2

Mental Illness

Front 3

Mystical and brutal treatments; drive out the evil spirits - exorcisms, water treatments; middle ages - monasteries and asylums; 1950s - pills

Back 3

Early Mental Health

Front 4

Guillaume Duchenne (1930s) developed it, is a procedure in which electric currents ar passed through the brain, intentionally triggering a brig seizure (temples)

Back 4

Electrotherapy (Electroconvulsive therapy)

Front 5

Walter Freeman was the first to use it; operation performed on the frontal lobe of the brain (seat of the human brain) (frontal lobe is in charge of short term decision making)

Back 5

Lobotomy

Front 6

Veteran who went through lobotomy; becomes vegetables

Back 6

Roman Tritz

Front 7

"Formal Socialization"; for the US, the family does most socialization until the age of 5 (when most children start their education in kindergarten); has a huge impact on a person's earning and status in society and furtherer one's education tends to lower the likelihood of unemployment for that person

Back 7

Education

Front 8

Goes back to Emile Durkheim; EDUCATION is FUNCTIONAL at both the INDIVIDUAL level (MICRO) and SOCIETAL level (MACRO); "Education is a structure concerned with the process by which an individual acquires the physical, intellectual, and moral tools needed to function in society"

Back 8

Functionalist theory for Education

Front 9

Schools have two jobs: each society is unique -learn NORMS and teaches skills for jobs (RISE IN DIVISION OF LABOR SHIFT TO ORGANIC SOLIDARITY KEEPING SOCIETY COHESIVE BUT LOWERING COLLECTIVE CONSCIENCE)

Back 9

Durkheim

Front 10

Schools have 4 main values: independence (function on your own way); value achievement (parents love unconditionally but teachers accept you based on your performance in school); children are members of general social categories; teach children the norm of "SPECIFICITY" (how you perform on a certain task)

Back 10

Functionalism Today as Robert Dreeben sees it

Front 11

Inspired by Karl Marx; education system serves to REPRODUCE social inequalities and reinforce the social stratification system; helps those on top and holds those on the bottom; JUSTIFIES inequalities; CAPITALISM; schools train perfect workers; SOCIAL REPRODUCTION (systematic reproduction of class relations)

Back 11

Conflict Theory of Education

Front 12

Track system (high track - independent problem solvers and low track - follow orders and conforming)

Back 12

Hidden Curriculum

Front 13

RATIONALIZATION; idea of merit (everyone has the chance to work hard and achieve success - not true); schools have ways to keep low status people from getting the certification needed to get high status and high paying jobs; "minimally adequate education"; CREDENTIALING

Back 13

Conflict Theory of Education inspired by Max Weber

Front 14

link between degrees and high status jobs

Back 14

Credentialing

Front 15

More MICRO approach; LABELING THEORY ( good, bad, slow student) - students become aware of these labels and start to create their identity around it; does NOT see the student as CULTURAL DOPE; both students and teachers are viewed as ACTIVE participants in what happens in the day to day behaviors of a classroom

Back 15

Symbolic Interactionism of Education

Front 16

People who are controlled unthinkingly by a variety of external forces, such as school rules or teacher demands)

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Cultural Dope

Front 17

Who succeeds relating to Education?

Back 17

Members of society think we have a meritocracy system but that is not the case; parent's educational attainment, parent's SES and parent's occupation; Race and Gender

Front 18

Completed in the 1960s (first large scale study of american schools);

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The Coleman Report

Front 19

surprising outcomes like schools not being able to provide equal opportunities because SES and racial inequalities have a bigger impact on overall student learning

Back 19

The Coleman Report

Front 20

Race and SES begin BEFORE school stars so education inequalities are a reflection of broader inequalities in society due to race and SES

Back 20

The Coleman Report

Front 21

Predictor of school success is _______

Back 21

Self-Discipline

Front 22

Takes place in Baton Rouge; make new city called St. George (more white 70%); segregated by race and SES; majority of the children that will move to there would be white and the ones taken out will be black

Back 22

Separate and Unequal (Frontline)

Front 23

Woodlawn High school founded in 1889 was all white and now has over 12 hundred students with 60% African American, 61 arrests in 2013; cannot control the school; busing wasn't the problem, white families leaving are

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Separate and Unequal (Frontline)

Front 24

Look at other schools who has done the same thing and see what the dysfunctions and functions are

Back 24

Functional Perspective of Separate and Unequal

Front 25

Meritocracy; when children get into Kindergarten they bring in race, gender, and SES on their first day of school (SES is based on property taxes);

Back 25

Conflict Theory of Separate and Unequal

Front 26

Access to Resources

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Main conflict of Separate and Unequal

Front 27

Things based on merit and scholarships

Ex: "The American Dream"

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Meritocracy

Front 28

Who has the power? Who has authority? What are they doing with it? (Ask those hard hitting questions)

Back 28

Symbolic Interactionism of Separate and Unequal

Front 29

The "Dils" ( reading group, special category); Lisa (the brainy outcast); Bart (the bad student); Role reversal when Bart thought he was the smart one instead of Lisa; people on the bus were all labeled together with Bart; Mr. Skinner thought he was a good principal until the boss threw him with the bad students; Holmer is a forgetful husband and his wife knows it

Back 29

Labeling Theory

Front 30

Scene preparing student for test; commonly used patterns, asking questions, making them not learn but memorize to do good on test; showing how tests works

Back 30

Issues of Standardized Testing

Front 31

Standardized Testing is useful for society so you can be grouped and be placed in a certain school or group depending on your grade

Back 31

Functional Perspective of The Simpsons

Front 32

Labeling students and putting students on tract and they tend to stick with it

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Conflict Theory of The Simpsons

Front 33

Good, bad superstar; The looking-glass self theory (lisa taking the test)

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Symbolic Interactionism of The Simpsons

Front 34

Who is in charge of The Stanford Prison Experiment?

Back 34

Zimbardo

Front 35

What are the parameters of this study?

Back 35

How a negative environment and situation can affect a person's behavior? (The guardians, the place, the clothes - symbols)

Front 36

Did the study last the amount of days planned?

Back 36

No

Front 37

At the end of the study, who had a big impact on Zimbardo's final decision of the study?

Back 37

His girlfriend

Front 38

What is the main issue that social scientists of today would take with this experiment?

Back 38

Speaks a log of socialization; how authority and power situations work out; they had the same SES but even though roles were assigned randomly they played along with it; ETHIC

Front 39

Research the social world using the scientific method;

Back 39

Sociology as a Science

Front 40

focus on empiricism

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Sociology as a Science

Front 41

CONCRETE EVIDENCE usually trying to DESCRIBE, UNDERSTAND OR EXPLAIN

Back 41

Sociology as a Science

Front 42

start with a perspective, then have an abstract theory, and then apply the theory to a social phenomena

Back 42

Sociology as a Science

Front 43

gathering of information using one's senses, especially the eyes and ears

Back 43

Empiricism

Front 44

The Scientific Method

Back 44

1. Question that needs an answer

2. Relevant Literature

3. Develop a hypothesis

4. Choose a method - that is APPROPRIATE for the question

5. Collect data

6. Analyze data

Front 45

Example of the scientific method

Back 45

The Nightmare Before Christmas

Front 46

Any research method that does not require statistical methods for collecting and reporting data

Back 46

Qualitative Research

Front 47

Any research method that involved the analysis of numerical data derived usually from surveys and experiments

Back 47

Quantitative Research

Front 48

Degree to which those being observed are AWARE of it, degree to which the presence of the observer impacts what they are doing, and how structured is the observation

Back 48

Observational Research

Front 49

Research method where the researcher plays a role (usually a minor role)

Back 49

Participant Observation

Front 50

research method where the sociologist observes but does not play a role in what is being observed

Back 50

Non-Participant Observation

Front 51

Observational research, often intensive and over lengthy periods, that leads to an account of what people do and how they do it; may live for years with a group, tribe or subculture; usually small in scale

Back 51

Ethnography

Front 52

A research method in which information is sough from participants who are asked a series of question that have been spelled out, at least to some degree, before the research is conducted

Back 52

Interview

Front 53

Try to plan everything exactly the same for each person

Back 53

Prestructured interview

Front 54

Let the participant lead, what is important to them

Back 54

Unstructured interview

Front 55

Interview Process

Back 55

1. Gain access

2. Locate key informant

3. Understand the language and the culture

4. Gain the trust of the respondents and develop a rapport

Front 56

Research methodology that involves the collection of information from a population, or more usually a representative portion of a population, through the use of interview, and more importantly, QUESTIONNAIRES

Back 56

Survey Research

Front 57

A self-administered, written set of question

Back 57

Questionnaire

Front 58

The manipulation of a characteristic under study (an independent variable) to examine its effect on another characteristic (the dependent variable)

Back 58

Experiments

Front 59

Inside lab, gives a lot of control, but not a lot of mudane realism

Back 59

Lab experiment

Front 60

Naturally occurring event to study its effect on one or more dependent variables

Back 60

Natural experiment

Front 61

Occurs in a natural setting, but the researches can exert some control over who participates and what happens during the experiment

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Field experiment

Front 62

using data that has already been collected, usually survey data

Back 62

Secondary Data Analysis

Front 63

research methodology that contrast how different historical events and conditions in various societies lead to different societal outcomes

Back 63

Historical Comparative

Front 64

Systematic and objective analysis of the context of a culture artifacts in print, visual, audio, and digital media, using both qualitative and quantitative analysis

Back 64

Content Analysis

Front 65

Guest lecture by Dr. Mathieu Detlem on Music Censorship called

Back 65

Rap, Rock and Censorship

Front 66

The Washington Wives

Back 66

Conservative morals

Front 67

PMRC:

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Parent Music Resource Center

Front 68

First song that brought the WW together

Back 68

Darling Nikki by Prince

Front 69

Concrete outcome

Back 69

Label (Parental Advisory Explicit Content)

Front 70

Issue of the whole thing is

Back 70

Race

Front 71

Societal competition through established governmental channels to advance a position or enact a policy to benefit the group's members

Back 71

Politics

Front 72

Is a legitimate form of domination, which means people ar more likely to obey commands laid out by authority figures

Back 72

Authority

Front 73

People have the right to vote for their leaders; most democratic states guarantee the right to due process, freedom of speech and equality before the law

Back 73

Democracy

Front 74

Some argue _____ have problems; such as people voting who are unformed on many political issues

Back 74

Democracies

Front 75

States that are usually totalitarian and ruled by either a single individual or by a small group of people

Back 75

Dictatorship

Front 76

government WITHOUT the consent of the people who are being governed: control ALL parts of life; CULT OF MASCULINITY, was ir natural, viciously opposed to liberalism

Back 76

Dictatorship

Front 77

Example of Dictatorships

Back 77

Fascist governments before and during WWII

Front 78

US Political System

Back 78

Two-party system: Republicans (conservative) and Democrats (liberal)

Front 79

Generally seek bigger government, more social assistance programs, tend to support social reforms (gay marriage and abortion)

Back 79

Democrats

Front 80

Generally seek smaller government, less government spending, tend to support more restriction on issues like gay marriage and abortion

Back 80

Republicans

Front 81

Presidential elections draw out the most voters, but still only a little over half of eligible voters usually vote; MOST VOTES COME FROM THE ADVANTAGED GROUPS

Back 81

Voting in the US

Front 82

Private groups organized to advance a given political perspective or candidate

Back 82

Political Action Committees (PACs)

Front 83

_______ ____ limits the amount of money that an individual and some types of organization can give to a candidate in an election cycle, one way around this is the use of PACs

Back 83

Federal Law

Front 84

Usually used for ads that attack other candidates or promote their own candidate

Back 84

PACs

Front 85

No limit on money because they are independent of a candidate, so this becomes a way for the rich to heavily influence election; 2012

Back 85

Super PACs

Front 86

Media plays a big role in politics with the use of

Back 86

Persuasion

Front 87

The relationship between the news media and government is ______ which means they rely on each other in important ways

Back 87

Symbiotic

Front 88

Further solidifies the relationship between the rich (who own the news corporations and the political elites)

Example?

Back 88

O'Reilly v. Stewart

Front 89

Much debate surrounds who rules the United States; they argue that there is no single group that rules the US, so in other words the US is rules by PLURALISM (many groups have power and comete but none of them are in control all of the time)

Back 89

Functionalism on Politics

Front 90

Power is NOT dispersed throughout a stable society, rather it is concentrated among a small elite group that control the major institutions of a society such as the state, the corporate economy, and the military

Back 90

C. Wright Mills' POWER ELITE THEORY (Conflict Theory)

Front 91

focus more on individuals and their behaviors related to the economy - basis for other analysis

Back 91

Economists

Front 92

will focus more on national economies and global economic systems

Back 92

Sociologists of Economy

Front 93

Connecting the economy with noneconomic macro phenomena such as politics the family culture, etc

Back 93

Sociology of Economy

Front 94

Ideas, principles, and systems created by Henry Ford and his associates

Back 94

Fordism

Front 95

Credited with the development of the modern mass production (declined in 1970s)

Back 95

Fordism

Front 96

Demand for more homogenous products (more options)

Back 96

Post Fordism

Front 97

The state of being economically active and in the labor force, being able and willing to work, and seeking employment, but being unable to find a job

Back 97

Unemployment

Front 98

In the US generally around ____, but in 2009 soured to 9.7%; at the end of 2013 it was still unusually high as 7.9%

Back 98

5%

Front 99

Process by which obtain and utilize good and services; usually objects and can be services

Back 99

Consumption

Front 100

Large and lavish consumption sites, such as malls, mostly in the US in the last half of the twentieth century

Back 100

Cathedrals of Consumption

Front 101

An obsession with consumption

Back 101

Consumerism

Front 102

Means of escape form the obligation associated with work and family, involving social activities are uncoerced, relaxing and perhaps informative and that are set apart in time and often in space; can be controlling (DISNEY WORLD); heavily linked with social class

Back 102

Leisure

Front 103

Humans are _____ from animals because we can interact with other humans in very unique ways;

Back 103

Distinct

Front 104

_____ is a crucial time period for the development of an individual and how they learn to relate to others

Back 104

Childhood

Front 105

Unable to talk or show "human" emotions; other instances; nature v. nurture argument

Back 105

Feral Children

Front 106

Grew up with dogs; could barely speak, she barked like a dog, and ran on all fours like a dog

Back 106

Book "Dog Girl"

Front 107

Charles Horton Cooley, Symbolic Interactionism; Humans develop a self-image that reflects how others respond to a person, PARTICULARLY AS A CHILD; usually it is interaction with your parents; learn how others respond to you - develop your sense of self

Back 107

Looking-Glass Self

Front 108

Humans v. Nonhumans; Gestures; Language; Extremely interaction patterns (making plans), today we learn some animals are capable of making plans

Back 108

George H. Mead

Front 109

Movements that ar automatic, a reflex

Back 109

Gestures (George H. Mead)

Front 110

Gestures made ONLY by humans are ______ _____

Back 110

Significant Symbols

Front 111

Gesture that arouses in the individual in the same kind of response, although it doesn't have to be identical

Back 111

Significant Symbols

Front 112

Interaction on the basis of not only gesture but also significant symbols

Back 112

Symbolic Interactionism (George H. Mead)

Front 113

an internal conversation that arises in relation to, and its continuous with interaction, especially conversations that one has with-others in the social world

Back 113

Mind

Front 114

The _____ _____ and interactions precede the _____

Back 114

Social World and Mind

Front 115

the send of oneself as an object

Back 115

Self

Front 116

Mead's most central work

Back 116

Mind and Self

Front 117

Mead's 1st stage in the socialization process in which children learn to take on the attitudes of specific others towards themselves (Play mommy or daddy)

Back 117

Play Stage

Front 118

Mead's 2nd stage in the socialization process in which a child develops a self in the full sense of the term, because it is then that the child beings to take on the role of a group of people simultaneously rather than the roles of discrete individuals (Ball nine)

Back 118

Game Stage

Front 119

A group of community that provides the self with a source of self-definition (what does the WHOLE group think of you)

Back 119

Generalized Other

Front 120

The immediate response of an individual to others; it can be surprising and unpredictable; it is what makes an individual unique

Back 120

I

Front 121

the organized set of others' attitudes assumed by the individual (involves adoption of the generalized other)

Back 121

Me

Front 122

We all have a ____ but people who conform more frequently tend to have an overly powerful ____

Back 122

"Me"/"Me"

Front 123

It is through the ___ that society is able to control the individual (type of coercion or social control)

Back 123

"Me"

Front 124

______ yourself in your head - but it is most likely you assume society would ____ you

Back 124

Criticize/ criticize

Front 125

_____ changes with what is ____ - if the trends can change more quickly, more money can be made

Back 125

"Me"/ "on trend"

Front 126

The view that social life is a series of dramatic performances skin to those that take place in a theater and on stage (life a stage)

Back 126

Dramaturgy (Erving Goffman)

Front 127

Conflict between ____ and ____ - or what you are expected to do vs what you want to do

Back 127

"I"/ "Me" - Erving Goffman

Front 128

People's use of a variety of technique to control the image of themselves that they want to project during their social performances

Back 128

Impression Management (Erving Goffman)

Front 129

The part of the social world where the social perfomance is idealized and designed to define the situation for those who observe it (Student in the classroom)

Back 129

Front Stage

Front 130

The part of the social world where people feel free to express themselves in ways that are suppressed in the from stage (venting to your roommate)

Back 130

Back Stage

Front 131

The process through which a person learns and generally comes to accept the ways of a group of society as a whole: NORMS AND SANCTIONS

Back 131

Socialization

Front 132

those who do socializing (PARENTS at first - "informal socialization") (education as a "formal socialization"

Back 132

Agents of socialization

Front 133

the acquisition of language, identities, gender roles, cultural routines, norms and values from parents and other family members at the earliest stages of life

Back 133

Primary Socialization

Front 134

The teaching (and learning) of what will be expected of one in the future (preparing children for kindergarten or preparing a college student for their future career)

Back 134

Anticipatory Socialization

Front 135

the socialization of those who normally do the socializing (children teaching their parents how to use a smart phone)

Back 135

Reverse Socializaiton

Front 136

Socialization can come from....

Back 136

Family, peers, teachers, religious leaders, media and many more

Front 137

the emigration of highly trained or intelligent people from a particular country

Back 137

Brain drain

Front 138

Alternative to traditional public schools

Back 138

Vouchers, homeschooling and charter schools

Front 139

government-issued certificates that allow students to use public tax dollars to pay tuition at a private school

Back 139

Vouchers

Front 140

some parents decide that rather than sending their children to local public school or to an alternative private school, they would refer to educate their children at home - or, to allow their children to educate themselves

Back 140

Homeschooling

Front 141

Are a hybrid; they are intended to be an alternative to the traditional public school, but nevertheless they remain part of the public school system

Back 141

Charter schools

Front 142

A great deal of adult socialization takes place in later life as people enter the work world and come independent of their families

Back 142

Adult Socialization

Front 143

Adult socialization

Back 143

Workplace, total institutions, and other aspects such as changes in societal values and norms,family changes, geographic mobility, changes associated with aging

Front 144

The unlearning of old behaviors, norms and values and the learning of new ones

Back 144

Resocialization

Front 145

A closed, all-encompassing place of residence and work set off from the rest of society that meets of all the needs of those enclosed within it

Back 145

Total institutions

Front 146

a social engagement that involves two or more individuals who perceive, and orient their action to one another

Back 146

Interaction