Sociology Test 3 2007 Stratification

Front 1

social stratification

Back 1

describe inequalities among individuals and groups within human societies

Front 2

stuctured inequalities

Back 2

inequalities built into the system rather than resulting from individual differences or chance occurrences.

Front 3

socially stratified systems share these three characteristics

Back 3

1.social categories of people who share characteristics without interacting with each other.

2. peoples experience depend on how their social category is ranked.

3. ranks tend to change very slowly over time.

Front 4

slavery

Back 4

an extreme form of inequality, in which certain people are owned as property by others.

Front 5

caste system

Back 5

a social system in which one's social status is given for life.

Front 6

in caste societies

Back 6

individuals must remain at the social level theywere born in for life.

Front 7

endogamy

Back 7

marriage within one's own social group that is required by law.

Front 8

class

Back 8

a large group of people who occupy a similiar economic position in the wider society.

Front 9

life chances

Back 9

the opportunity you have for achieveing economic prosperity.

Front 10

class system vs. slavery and Caste

Back 10

1. class has more fluidity
2. class positions are somewhat achieved.
3.class is economically based 4
4.class are large scale and impersonal

slavery is personal you cannot move through caste system.

Front 11

will caste give way to class

Back 11

do to the increase of globalization, and the rise of capitalism ..highly likely .

Front 12

Kuznets curve

Back 12

a formula showing that inequality increases during the early stages of capitalist development, the declines and eventually stabilizes at a relatively low level.

Front 13

income

Back 13

wages and salaries earned from paid occupatiojns plus money earned from investments.

Front 14

wealth

Back 14

all assets individuals own such as investments cash savings etc.

Front 15

status

Back 15

refers to the prestige that goes along with one's social position. professor for eg.

Front 16

upper class

Back 16

consists of the very wealthiest americans +145,099
5%of americans

Front 17

working class

Back 17

20% of americans primarily blue and pink collar jobs.

Front 18

lower class

Back 18

15% of americans. includes aprt time workers and those who do not work at all.

Front 19

underclass

Back 19

poorest of the poor. consists mostly of African American who have been trapped into a vicious cycle of poordom.

Front 20

social mobility

Back 20

the movement of individuals and groups between different class positions as a result of changes in occupations wealth or income.

Front 21

intragenerational mobility

Back 21

how far they move up or down the socioeconomic scale in the course of their working lives

Front 22

intergenerational mobilty

Back 22

where children are on the scale compares to thier parents

Front 23

exchange mobility

Back 23

the ability to move up and down the social laddre if all opportunities were equal.

Front 24

structural mobility

Back 24

upward mobility made possibe by an expansion of better paid occupations at the expense of more poorly paid ones.

Front 25

vertical mobility

Back 25

movement along the socioeconomic scale. long range are very rare considering the fcatthat it would have a alot to do with education but families can't afford to send thier kids to recieve that education.

Front 26

short-range downward mobility

Back 26

moving from one jod similar tyo another and getting paid less for it. or if someone gets laid off and they have to find a less paying job that pays something.

Front 27

absolute poverty

Back 27

when a person or family cannot get enough to eat. really poor. less than 18 thousand for a family of four.

Front 28

relative poverty

Back 28

is being poor compared with the standards of living of the majority.

Front 29

poverty line

Back 29

an income equal to three times the cost of food.

Front 30

working poor

Back 30

those who are working but not making enough to lift them above the poverty.

Front 31

feminization of poverty

Back 31

talks about the fact that more women are becoming poor due to divorces, separation, and single parentness.

Front 32

social exclusion

Back 32

being denied access because of social category eg. the poor in poor neighboorhoods goes to poor grocery store etc. them attending collede or higher class institutios are rare because of the current status.