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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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society
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group who share same culture
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sociological pespectives
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social contexs in whichpeple live
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social location
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where people occupy because of location in society (age, gender, race)
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natural sciences
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intellectual and acdemic disiplines to explain and predict vents in natural enviornment
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Biology, geology, chemistry, and physics
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natural sciences
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social sciencess
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examine human relationships
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anthropology, economics, political science, psycology, sociology
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social sciences
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anthropolgy
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understand CULTURE
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Economics
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single social institutions
(producing and distribution of goods) |
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Political science
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how single govt. is fomed and operates
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Psychology
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mental process, INTERNAL
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goals of science
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generalizations, patterns, predict, surpass common sense
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positivism
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apply scientific method to social world...
Auguste Comte-sociology should guide public reform |
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social darwinism
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herbert spencer-surivival of the fittest
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class conflict
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Karl Marx- economics=strong influence
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Emile Durkneim
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organized sociology as selperate academic
(studied suicide statistics) |
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social integration
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degree t which ppl are tied to social group
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Max Weber
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religion and the orgin of capitalism
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values in sociological research
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value free, objectivity, replication
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Verstehem
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"best interpreter is someone wh has been there
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Social reform
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Jane Addams
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Race relations
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W.E.B. Du Bois
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Symbolic interactionism
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we compare ourselves with others, symbols
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Functional analysis
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society is a whole unit, parts work together
(Robert Merton) |
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manifest function
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intended to help
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latent function
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uninteded situatrions that help
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latent dysfunction
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negative and uninteded
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Conflict theory
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competing fo rscarce resources
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Corners of Life
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jobs
income education gender age race |
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Pollsters
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usless to sociology, don't use method
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ethnocentrism
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use own groups way of doing things as right way
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cultural relativism
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not juding a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms (ex: bull fighting)
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sick culture
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exploiting group of people (sexual slavery, abuse)
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language is important becuase...
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it allows us to develop
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Sapir-whrf Hypothesis
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reverses common sense
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language
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percetion of objects/events
necessary for society to exsist |
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sanction
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reaction ppl recieve after breaking norm
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folkways
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norms not stictly enforced (passing of the right)
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Mores
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norms strictly followed (theft)
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Taboo
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norm so strong it brings rvulsion if violated (cannibalism)
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counterculture
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group whole values place members in opposition of culture (gangs)
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pluralistic society
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made up of many culures
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value clusters
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values that together form larger whole
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value contraiction
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conflict with each other
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emerging values
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leisure, self-fulfillment, physical fitness, youthfulness, concern for enviornment
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feral child
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wild, animal raised
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isolated children
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need language
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institutionalized children
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forster home, orphanage
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Charles Cooley and Looking-glass
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we imaging how we appear to others, others reactions, and self-concept
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George Mead and generalized other
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perception of how ppl see us
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jean piaget and 4 levels of reasoning
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1. sensorimoter
2. preoperational 3. concrete operational 4. formal operaional |
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Sensorimoter stage
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no sense of self
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Peoperational stage
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use symbols
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Concrete Operational Stage
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no abstract thinking
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Formal operational stage
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abstract thinking
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Freud and Personality
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id, ego, superego
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id
ego superego |
id=self gratification
ego=balances id and demands superego=coscience |
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Kohlberg and morality
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1. amoral
2. preconventional 3. conventional 4 postconventional |
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Amoral
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"Mine!" no right or wrong
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Preconventional
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learn rules, external refrencesf
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Conventional
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follow rules and norms
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postconvetional
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operate on abstract principles
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Mead and taking the role of others
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1. imitation
2. play 3. games |
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life stage
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behavio and orientation
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social location
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race, gender, class
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historical flow
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cohort
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macrosociology
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focus on social class and relationships
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microsociology
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social interactions
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status
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position one occupys
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ascribed status
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involuntary
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achieved status
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voluntary
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master status
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overriding status
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status inconsistency
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contradicting statuses
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functional requisites
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task society must fulfil to surveve
1. replaceing members 2. sociaizing newmembers 3. producing goods and services 4. preserving order 5. providing sense of purpose |
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conflict persepective
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preserve social order
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social ntegration
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degree to which members feel united
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Mechanical solidarity
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shared consciousness people feels as result of performing same tasks
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organc solidarity
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independence that results rom division of labor
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Gemeinschaft
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life is intimate; everyone knows everyone (ex: wahoo)
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Gesellschaft
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impersonal, individual accomplisments (ex: Lincoln)
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Distance zones
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ntimate, personal social, public
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sign vehicles
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how ppl use scial setting (surroundings), appearance (looks), and manner (attitudes) to communicate info about slf
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ethnomethodology
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study of how ppl do things/ use common sense
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Thomas Theorem
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If ppl define situations as real, tehya re real in consequences
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social construction of reality
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use background assumptions and life experience to define what is real
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role conflict
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many choices, 1 time
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role strain
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role expectations don't fit
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