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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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way of life, the shared LEARNED behaviors of a group of people
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culture
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literature, music, art, and other physical objects
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material culture
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ideas, values, beliefs, religion, rules, philosophies, superstitions
(shared among groups) |
non-material culture
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withoout it NO MEANS TO COMMUNICATE and share the material and non-material aspects of culture
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language
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symbolic, knowledge/"how to", learned, shared, norms
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characteristics of culture
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objects or activities which stand for something else
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symbols
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"how to"
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knowledge
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transmitted through social interaction
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learned
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transmission of culture from one generation to another
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acculturation
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patterns of behavior and symbols
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shared
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expectations for behavior, shared rules on how people should act; NOT ACTUAL BEHAVIOR
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norms
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learned behaviors that are widely accepted and required by a particular society
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cultural universals
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choices of mechanisms in meeting personal and social needs
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cultural alternatives
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elements of culture that are shared by people of certain social categories but not the entire population
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cultural specialties
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culture that is wholly contained within a larger culture (adhere to the values and practices of larger culture)
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subculture
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subculture that is characterized by a lifestyle that is not only different but in CONFLICT with the dominant culture
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counterculture
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the attitude of superiority regarding one's own culture or subculture (ex: KKK)
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ethnocentrism
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amazement faced by an individual when they encounter different cultural practices and beliefs; leads to ethnocentrism
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culture shock
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doctrine that in order to evaluate cultures meaningfully, we need to step in their shoes; overcomes ethnocentrism
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cultural relativism
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when material and non-material culture change at different rates
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cultural lag
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the concern that people have for maintaining the status quo because it favors them
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vested interests
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shared assumptions about what is good or bad, right or wrong, important or unimportant
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values
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customary and traditional expectations for members of a society
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folkways
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system ideas that justify social, moral, religious, political, or economic interests; change in values are spread through social movements
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values and beliefs
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six factors that promote social change
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values and beliefs, technology, population, diffusion, physical environment, wars and conquest
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the knowledge and tools that people use to manipulate thier environment
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technology
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change in size may bring about changes to culture; the amount of people occupying a space
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population
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process of spreading culture traits from one society to another
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diffusion
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people rely on foods they grow, the intro of new foods and natural disasters = social and cultural change
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physical environment
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war causes the loss of many lives; causes changes in economy; greatest change in least amount of time
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wars and conquests
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TOOL or ACTION or BELIEF
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trait
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cluster of TOOLS + ACTIONS + BELIEFS
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complex
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culture + institution
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pattern
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exists when people follow norms through internal or external means
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social control
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internalization
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following particular norms become part of a person's personality
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