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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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aggregate |
a group that shares attributes, but may not share the same physical space or see themselves belonging together |
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Social location |
the corners of life people occupy because of where they are located in a society, the groups in which they belong |
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norms |
expectations, or rules of behavior, that develop to enforce values |
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Durkheim |
father of sociology, wrote the book suicide in 1897 saying that protestants, men, and unmarried people more likely to commit suicide |
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Schemas |
shortcut used by brain to sort through all the stimuli it receives, these schemas are objectively derived from our experiences, meaning that some are just stereotyped instead of good generalizations |
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norms |
carry sanctions, vary in intensity, are situational, and are emergent, humans continue to create and modify them, are taken for granted |
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stereotypes |
generalization that are absolute, judgmental, will not change, no evidence, are not carefully crafted |
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Theory |
statements that organize a set of concepts in a meaningful way by expanding the relationship between them. A statement about how some parts of the world fit together and how they work. |
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Functional analysis |
relationships among parts of society |
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conflict theory |
struggle for scarce resources by groups in society, how the elites use their power to exploit weaker groups |
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qualitative vs quantitative |
types of study |
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social structure |
enduring patterns of relationships among actors |
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culture |
the language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and even material objects that are passed from one generation to the next. A symbolic side of life that is shared. |
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Material culture |
physical, like jewelry, hair styles, utensils that distinguish groups |
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symbolic culture |
way of thinking |
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ideal culture |
ideal world where people should do this |
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real culture |
what people actually do |
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subculture |
subset of the dominant culture with its own norms |
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counter culture |
subset in opposition to the dominant culture |
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meritocracy |
social system where individuals get ahead and rewarded based on hard work and effort |
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reification |
calling products of human activities as laws of nature |
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Social construction of reality |
externalization, objectification, internalization |
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ethnocentrism |
use your own culture as a way of measuring other cultures, typically associated with a negative evaluation |
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cultural relativism |
not judging a culture, but trying to understand it on its own terms |
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socialization |
process by which people learn the characteristics of their group-the knowledge, skills, attributes, values, and actions though appropriate for them |
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the self |
unique human capacity to see ourselves from the outside, taking into account how others view us |
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Social status |
position that someone occupies in society or in a social group |
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roles |
behaviors, obligations, and privileges attached to a status |
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role conflict |
having two status postions that have vonflicting roles |
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role strain |
conflict within one status position |
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ascribed vs achieved status |
inherited positions vs earned |
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status symbol |
items used to identify a status |
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dramaturgy |
erving goffman, social life analyzed in terms of drama, you act for others in terms of your status to them, you have a front stage where you perform and a back stage where you prepare and relax |
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impression management |
processes by which actors attempt to control how others perceive them |
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impression formation |
processes of inferring meaning about others from gestures, significant symbols, and other characteristics |
