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63 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Sociology |
Systematic study of human society |
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Durkheim suicide |
Social integrations categories of people with strong social ties and low suicide rates more individualistic people had high suicide rates |
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Structural functional |
Framework for building theory that sees society as complex system whos parts work together to promote solidarity and stability |
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Social exchange analysis |
Interaction is guided by what each person stands to gain and lose from others |
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Culture |
Ways of thinking, acting and material objects that together form a people's way of life |
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Mores |
Norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance |
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Folkways |
Norms for routine or casual interaction |
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Norms |
Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of members |
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Post industrial society |
Production of information using computer technology |
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Cultural change |
Invention - process of creating new cultural elements Discovery - recognizing and understanding more fully something already in existence Diffusion - spread of objects or traits from one society to another |
There are three cultural changes |
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Cultural universals |
Traits that are part of every known culture |
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Socialization |
Lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture |
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Mead- taking the role |
Symbolic interaction, seeing ourselves as other see us |
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Child rearing |
High income equals creativity and expression Low income equals obedience Based on your income, determines what you teach your children |
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Ageism |
Prejudice and discrimination against older people |
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Resocialization |
Radically changing an inmate's personality by carefully controlling the environment |
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Status |
Social position that a person holds |
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Role |
Behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status |
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Role exit |
People disengage from important social roles |
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Save face |
Tact, save person from embarrassment |
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Category |
People with a status in common |
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Crowd |
Loosely formed collection of people in one place |
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Group |
Two or more people who identify with and interact with one another |
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Primary group |
Small social group whose members share personal and lasting relationships |
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Secondary group |
large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity |
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Solomon asch |
Group conformity study - how people conform in a group - many are willing to compromise their own judgment to avoid discomfort of being different |
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In - group |
Social group toward which a member feels respect and loyalty |
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Out - group |
Social group toward which a person feels a sense of competition and opposition |
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Formal organizations |
Utilitarian organizations - one that pays people for their work and effort Normative organizations - not for income but to pursue goal they think is morally worthwhile Coercive organization - involuntary memberships |
There are three formal organizations |
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Oligarchy |
Rule of the many by the few |
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Sexual orientation |
Person's romantic and emotional attraction to another person |
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Prostitution |
Selling of sexual services |
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Sexuality and theory |
Structural functional - regulate sexual activity, reproduction, Universal norm is incest taboo Symbolic interaction - various meaning people attach to sexuality Social conflict theory - sexuality to sexual inequality Feminist theory - men dominate women, devalue them to sexual objects Queer theory - heterosexual bias, anything else is queer |
Structural functional, symbolic interaction, social conflict theory |
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Pornography |
Sexually explicit material intended to cause sexual arousal |
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Social control |
Attempts by society to regulate people's thoughts and behaviors |
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Mertons strain theory |
Deviance in terms of society's cultural goals and the means available to achieve them |
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Crime |
Violation of a society's formally enacted criminal law |
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Crime and race and ethnicity |
Blacks 38% violent crimes compared to white 58% get punished |
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Stigma |
Powerfully negative label that greatly changes a person self concept and social identity |
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Social stratification |
System by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy |
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Social mobility |
Change in position within the social hierarchy |
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Caste system |
Escribe, social stratification based on birth |
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Class system |
Achieve, social stratification based on achievement |
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Marx - class |
Capitalism places economic production under the ownership of capitalist |
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High income nations |
Nations with the highest overall standards of living |
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Absolute poverty |
Lack of resources that is life threatening |
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Relative poverty |
Some people lack resources that are taken for granted by others |
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Modernization theory |
Model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of technological and cultural differences between nations |
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Dependency theory |
Model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of the historical exploitation of poor nations by rich ones |
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Theories of gender |
Structural functional - roles for males and females reflect biological differences between the sexes, gender inequality becomes dysfunctional and gradually decreases Symbolic interaction - individuals used gender as one element of their personal performances as they socially constructed reality through everyday interactions Social conflict - gender is important dimension of social inequality and social conflict, benefits men, disadvantages women |
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Male and female difference |
Socially constructed. Women are weaker males are stronger |
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Pink collar |
75% are filled by women. These jobs include secretary, teacher |
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Comparable worth |
Level of playing field, women same pay as men, pay based on skill and talent |
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F. Engles |
Capitalism increasing male domination over female |
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Race |
Socially constructed category of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of a society consider important |
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Ethnicity |
Shared cultural heritage |
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Pluralism in the USA |
Pluralism - people of all races and ethnicities are distinct but have equal social standing USA society is pluralistic in that all people in the US regardless of race or ethnicity have equal standing under the law Not pluralistic - racial and ethnic categories do not have equal social standing |
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Prejudice |
Thought - rigid an unfair generalization about an entire category of people |
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Discrimination |
Action - Unequal treatment of various categories of people |
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Social institution |
Major spirit of social life, or societal subsystem, organized to meet human needs |
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Deaths - young adults |
Major causes accidents |
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Water consumption |
Agriculture |
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Social movements |
Alternative Redemption Reformative Revolutionary |
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