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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Religion |
set of organized beliefs about spiritual worlds that join people as a community
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Faith
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belief system based on conviction that doesn't need proof |
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Animism |
belief that all things possess a spirit |
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Polytheism |
a set of independent gods |
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Monotheism |
one all-knowing god |
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Secular Religion |
sacred symbols integrated into a broader society |
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New Religious Movement |
authoritarian leader no defined structure - which isolates members from broader society |
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Sect |
small bc voluntary membership separated and hostile to larger society |
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Church |
formal worship brings together moral community |
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Religious Pluralism |
many religions competing with others for members |
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Ecclesia |
church and state have a formalized relationship |
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Denomination |
socially accepted religious body that has bureaucratic characteristics similar to those of a church |
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Weber's Classifications (3) |
world of nature other people the body |
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Mysticism |
religions that seek harmony with natural world, people and body |
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Asceticism |
religions that seek mastery over the natural world |
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Functionalism (religion) |
religions originate in society and divide profane( practices) and sacred (emotional connections) |
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Functions of Religion |
- join communities - sense of belonging - social identity - social control - meanings brought into ppl's lives - social service functions |
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Conflict Theory (religion) |
- constructed built on econ relations - diminishes feelings of frustration resulting in forces of alienation - used by elite to control workers |
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Feminist Theory (religion) |
looking at women's lower status and underrepresentation in many religions Women's Bible - looks at misogyny in bible |
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Post Structuralist Theory (religion) |
organized religions are understood as networks of power that dominate through tradition + institutional authority |
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Symbolic Interactionism (religion) |
Religion is an important source of practices and symbols that contribute to people's perceptions of the social world |
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Durkheim's Rituals |
- rembering social bonding |
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secularization |
process by which societies move away from religious explanations and more towards logic and science |
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Sommersville's explainations for secularization (4) |
- increasing differences in political and legal systems - more secularized institutions taking on activities associated with religion - shift in focus - decline of religious importance |
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Crime |
designates certain behaviours that require social control |
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Deviance |
actions that violate social norms which are or are not against the law |
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Howard Becker |
the act isn't deviant, the reactions of people judge the act as deviant |
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Rational Choice theory |
behaviour is purposeful and a choice |
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4 Beliefs of Rational Choice |
1. people choose criminal or lawful solutions 2. criminal solutions are more attractive 3. fear of punishment is used as control 4. society + better at controlling if crime is dealt with immediately |
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Biological Determinism |
hypothesis that biolgical factors completely determine behaviour |
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Biological Explainations (3) |
- low intelligence - XYY Theory - body type |
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Functionalism |
normlessness leads to deviant behaviour crime is normal and good to define moral guidelines |
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Functions of Deviance |
- clairify moral boundaries - promote social unity - promote social change |
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Strain Theory |
Anomic conditions produced when cultural defined goals can't be met through socially approved means |
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Illegitement Opportunity Theory |
people are constrained by their avaliable opportunities |
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Conflict Theory (Crime) |
crime is a product of class struggle |
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Symbolic Interactionism |
criminal behaviour is learned through interactions with others |
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Labelling Theory |
people's negative reactions to a behaviour leads to people establishing the behaviour as being deviant |
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Feminist Theory (religion) |
- issues of power and distribution of resources - gendered nature of crime - representation of women that commit crimes is bad |
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Consensus view on law |
- neutral - maintains social cohesion - fair and uniform |
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Conflict view on law |
- tool to protect haves from have nots - protects the elite |
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Interactionalist View on law |
reflects the opinions of people that that tell society what is wrong and what is right |
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Critical legal studies |
focus on contradictions and inconsistancies
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Feminist Legal Studies |
Law encourages women's subordinate status |
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Critical Race Theory |
- oppression and discrimination - racism is embeded in society |
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Media's Role in Law |
- shows who is at risk - creates moral panic |
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Economy |
social arrangement that organizes production, distribution and consumption of goods |
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Types of economy |
horticulture industrial / post-industrial pastorialism hunting and gathering feudal agricultural |
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sectors of economy |
primary - raw materials - 2% secondary - consumer goods - 10% tertiary - services - 75% |
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Labour Markets |
primary: post-secondary education secondary: McJobs |
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Functionalism (work) |
- work is important for social structure - people need to connect to their work |
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Conflict Theory (work) |
deskilling workers is a trend for industrial production |
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Symbolic Interactionism (work) |
work defines self worth and acceptance |
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Alienation |
workers don't feel connected to the product as they don't control the means of production or have ownership |
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Feminist Theory (work) |
separates lives of working women unpaid work and the second shift |
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Capitalism |
private ownership and means of production |
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state capitalism |
political + economic systems combine free-market principles with social welfare programs |
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Socialism |
materials and production are collectively owned |
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Political Economy |
interactions of politics, gov., governing + social/ cultural constitutions of markets, institutions + actors |
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Types of Authority |
Traditional Rational - legal Charismic |
