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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nuclear Family |
A family group consisting of a wife, a husband (or one of these), and dependent children. |
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Extended Family |
A family group consisting of more than two generations of relatives living either within the same household or very close to one another. |
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Kinship |
A relationship that links individuals through blood ties, marriage, or adoption. |
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Cohabitation |
The state of living together as husband and wife without being married. |
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Monogamy |
A form of marriage in which each married partner only has one spouse at a time. |
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Polygamy |
A form of marriage in which a person may have two or more spouses simultaneously. (Polygyny- 1 man, multiple wives) (Polyandry- 1 woman, multiple husbands) |
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Theories of Family- Functionalist |
Family contributes to society's basic needs and helps perpetrate social order. Main functions (Talcott Parsons): Primary Socialization + Personality Stabilization |
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Theories of Family- Feminist |
Family is a locus for exploitation, loneliness, and inequality. Domestic division of labor; Unequal power relationships; Caring activities |
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Affective Individualism |
Belief in romantic attachment as a basis for contracting marriage ties |
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Family and Race |
Asian American Native American Latino African American |
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Family and Class |
Family differences across upper, middle, and lower classes |
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Assimilation |
The process whereby individuals or groups of differing ethnic heritage are absorbed into the dominant culture of a society. Education promotes feelings of nationalism. |
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Credentialism |
Excessive reliance on credentials, especially academic degrees, in determining hiring or promotion policies. |
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Social Reproduction |
Societies have social continuity over time in their classes and structure. |
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Cultural Capital |
The advantages that middle-class or wealthy parents usually provide their children. |
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Official Curriculum |
The apparent and planned lessons that a school is teaching. |
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Hidden Curriculum |
Traits of behavior or attitudes that are learned at school but not included in the formal curriculum- for example, gender differences. |
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Kozol's Study- Kozol's Savage Inequalities |
Journalist who studied schools and determined that some are "dropout factories" and observed the vast inequalities in the resources and environments of low-income schools versus wealthy schools |
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Coleman's study |
American education in 1960's. Education and occupational attainment are governed mainly by students' backgrounds: home, neighborhood, peer environment |
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Tracking |
Divides students into groups that receive different instruction based on assumed similarites in ability or attainment. Jeannie Oakes' study |
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IQ and genetic factors |
genes vs. social influence |
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Education Reforms |
Busing- to desegregate schools No Child Left Behind- standardized testing/ Bush Race To The Top- Obama |
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Literacy |
15% of world's population is illiterate. Worst literacy rates are in Africa. |
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Information Poverty |
The state of people who have little or no access to information technology, such as computers. |
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Theories of Religion |
Marx- alienation (our own abilities as humans are taken over by gods) Durkheim- totemism: (profane: mundane, everyday world ; sacred: symbolic religious significance) Weber- Protestantism influenced the capitalism of the West |
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Religious economy |
A theoretical framework that argues that religious can be fruitfully understood as organizations in competition with one another for followers. |
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New Religious Movement |
Recent Cults and Sects World Affirming- self help groups (Scientology) World Rejecting- withdraw from and criticize the outside world (Branch Davidian cult) |
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Women and religion |
usually hold lower status positions |
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World Religons |
Christianity Islam Judaism Hinduism |
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Monotheism & Polytheism |
Monotheism- one deity Polytheism- multiple deities |
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Civil religion |
Religion in the US: pledge of allegiance, "in god we trust", manifest destiny |
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Trends in religious affiliation |
Protestant: > Catholic: =< Other Christian: < None: < Buddhist: = Muslim: => Jewish: =< |
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Reading 55: The Protestant Ethic |
The "ethos" or economic spirit of capitalism is derived from Protestantism + Puritanism. "Waste no time" "Calling" Making anything less than as much as possible is an offense to the graces God has given you |
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Eating Disorders |
Starvation from Anorexia + Bulimia Shaped by Cultural Context |
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Obesity |
Top public health problem facing Americans today. Reasons: poor people are more affected by obesity b/c local grocery stores have unhealthy options; fast food is cheap; other countries have healthier school lunches. |
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Health Literacy |
The ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. |
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Sick Role |
A person adopts behaviors to minimize disruptive effect of illness. Not held responsible for poor health. Have privileges. Must work to regain health. |
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Sick Role: Legitimate & Illegitimate |
Conditionally Legitimate: Not held responsible (Bronchitis) Unconditionally Legitimate: Cancer, Parkinson's Illegitimate: Stigmatized, held responsible (HIV/AIDS) |
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Alternative/Complementary Medicine |
Massage, Acupuncture, Chiropractic |
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Health & Social Factors |
Class, Gender, and Race |
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Double Standard |
On average, women live 5 years longer than men. |
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Diversity of Human Sexuality |
Mostly socially constructed |
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Sexual Orientation |
Religious Institutions have traditionally shaped people's attitudes about sexual behavior. |
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Homophobia |
An irrational fear of or distain for homosexuals. |
