Sociology Exam 3 Bold

Front 1

social Darwainisn

Back 1

'Survival of the fittest'

Front 2

Routinization

Back 2

Clear-rule governed procedures used over and over for decision making

Front 3

Bureaucracy

Back 3

Organization/mode of administration that governs with reference to rules

Front 4

State

Back 4

Human community successfully claims monopoly with legitimate use of physical force within territory

Front 5

Milgram Experiment

Back 5

Used to see how far ordinary people would go in obeying authority figures.

-Had people send shocks to participants whenever they got an answer wrong, more they got wrong, stronger the voltage

Front 6

5 defining characteristics of bureaucracy

Back 6

1.Structured heirarchy-organization made of many levels, multiple poeple working at each level
2.highly specialized-making work consist of specific, delimited tasks
3.impersonality-persons working in bureaucracy is detached from roles they play
4.meritocracy-status & mobility based on individual attributes, ability, and acheivments
5.highly efficient-practical specialized knowledge to specific goals

Front 7

Taylorism (Fredrick Winslow Taylor)

Back 7

methods of labor management used to streamline processes of mass production in which each worker repeatedly performs 1 specific task.

Front 8

International State System

Back 8

each state recognized as territorially sovereign by fellow states

Front 9

Principle of non-inheritance

Back 9

each state agrees to mind own business when it comes to internal affairs of other sovereign countries

Front 10

Social policies

Back 10

policies developed to meet social needs

Front 11

Citizenship rights

Back 11

rights 1 has as a citizen (3 types)
1. Civil-guarantees personal freedom f/interference (Freedom of speech)
2. Political-guarantees right to participate in politics (vote)
3. Social-guarantees protection by state f/free market (housin, employment, education, health)

Front 12

Lukes definition of Power (3-dimensional)

Back 12

1st dimension of power is visible when different agendas class, conflict results, 1 side prevails
2nd dimension occurs when power is so formidable, resisting seems pointless
3rd dimension prevents conflict in the 1st pace, avert through shaping, influencing, determining

Front 13

Impossibility Theorum

Back 13

No system of voting that'll consistently yield top choice of most voters when there are more than 2 alternatives

Front 14

Hard & Soft Power

Back 14

-Hard: use of military of economic force to influence behavior in international politics

-Soft: getting what you want through attraction not payments/coercion

Front 15

Hobbes vs. Locke

Back 15

Hobbes suggests we need strong, central authority to live in peace with neighbors

Locke thinks the state of nature is peaceful, and natural law regulates interpersonal relations without interference of sovereign authority

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Democracies

Back 16

Power lies within people, citizens can vote, speak, participate in decision making

Front 17

Dictatorship

Back 17

Rights to political participation means restriction small groups or individuals

Front 18

Moore's Game Theory

Back 18

Study of strategic decisions actors make by taking stock of options available to them and other 'players'

Front 19

Collective action problem

Back 19

Difficulty organizing large groups because of tendency of free loaders and slackers

Front 20

Political Participation

Back 20

activity with intent/effect of influencing government action

Front 21

Civic Voluntarism Model (3 components to explain political participation)

Back 21

1. Political orientation-strength of individuals commitment (anti-abortionists are more likely to vote-ex.)
2.Resources- includes money (to donate), civic skills (easier to get involved)
3. Mobilization efforts- interest AND has resources

Front 22

NVRA (Motor Voter)

Back 22

Clinton passed law in 1993- local motor agencies and public assistance agencies double as voter registration centers

Front 23

Female circumcision

Back 23

Removal of a womans clitoris

Front 24

Feminism

Back 24

Raising movement to get people to understand gender is organizing principle of life. Women and men should be equal

Front 25

Essentialism

Back 25

Thought that explains social phenomena in terms of natural ones

Front 26

Biological Determinism

Back 26

Explains social behavior in terms of biological givens

Front 27

Dimorphic/Binary

Back 27

Either/or category; no shades of grey

Front 28

Nadle

Back 28

Native American born with ambiguous genitals at birth

Front 29

Berdache

Back 29

Like a cross-dresser but gains more respect

Usually males who switch to feminine identity

Front 30

Hegemonic Masculinity

Back 30

Dominant and privileged, if invisible, category of men
*Men cant recognize*

Front 31

Hegemony

Back 31

Process in which dominant group, by moral/intellectual leadership, secures voluntary 'consent' of masses

Front 32

Gender Roles

Back 32

sets of behavioral norms assumed to accompany ones status as a male/female

Front 33

Patriarchy

Back 33

Universal system involving subordination of femininity to masculinity

Front 34

Sex Role Theory

Back 34

Nuclear family is the ideal arrangement in modern societies; fulfills functions

Front 35

'Herstory'

Back 35

Feminists exaggerate women's stories making them sound 'superb'

Front 36

Travesti

Back 36

Transgender prostitutes in Brazil

Front 37

Sexism

Back 37

Person's sex is basis for prejudicial discrimination and hatred against him/her

Front 38

Girls vs. Boys

Back 38

Girls have low self-esteem, attempt suicide, and experience sexual harrassment

Boys ages 15-19 succeed at suicide 4x more than girls