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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sex
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Biological characteristics
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Gender
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Social characteristics
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Gender Socialization
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We learn our gender, it is not natural
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Gender Roles
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Expectations based on the sex we are born into
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Glass Ceiling
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women can only go so high and are held back
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Second Shift
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Women put in more hours of housework than men
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Intersectionality Theory
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Race, class and gender all together
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Gender Stratification
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Women lower than men
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Sexual Orientation
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Who you are sexually attracted to
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Ageism
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Discrimination based on age
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Family
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Connected by blood, marriage, or other people who are believed to be family
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Sandwich Generation
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Taking care of parents and children
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Nuclear family
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Mom, Dad, and Kids
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Extended Family
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All relatives
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Family or origin
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Family you were born into
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Family of procreation
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Family you create
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Monogamy
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Married to only one other
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Serial monogamy
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Several partners, not one at a time
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Polygamy
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More than one partner at a time
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Polygyny
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Man with more than one wife
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Polyandry
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Wife with more than one husband
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Matrilineal
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Mother’s side
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Patrilineal
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Father’s side
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Bilateral
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Both sides
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Matriarchal
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Females have authority and control
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Patriarchal
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Men have authority and control
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Egalitarian
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Men and women share control
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Matrilocal
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Live with Wife’s family
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Patrilocal
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Life with Husbands family
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Neolocal
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Have their own place
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Marriage
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Sanctioned mating relationship
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Endogamy
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Within your own group
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Exogamy
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Outside your own group
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Boomerang Generation
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Leave and return to parents
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Education
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Social institution, some learn and some teach
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Gatekeeping
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Standardized tests
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Hidden Curriculum
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Learning unwritten rules of society
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Credentialism
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Using degrees as sorting devices
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Tracking
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Placing on an academic path in Kindergarten
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Religion
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Social institution with shared beliefs and practices
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Christianity
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World’s largest religion
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Islam
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World’s second largest religion
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Civil Religion
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Intertwining of religion and government
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Population
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People who share a territory
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Over 7 billion
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Current world population
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Over 320 million
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Current U.S. population
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Poor countries
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Population explosion is taking place in
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Demography
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Study of populations
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Fertility, Mortality and Migration
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Demographers focus on
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Malthusian theory
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We are going to outstrip our food supply if population keeps growing at the current rate. Food grows arithmetically, population grows exponentially
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Birth, death, marriage, divorce, migration rates
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Vital Statistics
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Fertility
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Level of births in a population
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Crude Birth Rate
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Live births per 1,000 in a population in a given year
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Mortality
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Level of death in a population
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Crude Death Rate
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Deaths per 1,000 in a population in a given year
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Infant Mortality Rate
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Infants under 1 year per 1,000 live births
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Malnutrition
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Leading cause of death for children
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Epidemiology
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Origin and spread of disease
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Span
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Longest a person could ever live
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Expectancy
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The longest a person can expect to live; Average
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Sex Ratio
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Number of men vs. number of women
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Migration
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Movement into or out of an area
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Internal migration
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Movement within a country
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International migration
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Moving across country borders
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Push factors vs. Pull factors
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Factors that push or pull people into or out of a country or area
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Immigration
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Permanent move into a country
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Emigration
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Permanent move out of a country
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Emigration - Immigration
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Net migration rate
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Births - Deaths + Net Migration Rate
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Growth Rate
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Population Pyramids
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Sex and age graph of a country
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Demographic Transition
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100 years from undeveloped to modernized
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Urbanization
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Movement into cities
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Megacities
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10 million or more inhabitants
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Ecosystem
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All living things
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Sustainable development
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Economic activity that meets the needs of the present without threatening the environmental legacy of the future
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Functionalists believe environment serves what 3 functions
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Provides all resources for life, Houses humanity, Serves as a garbage and sewer
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