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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social Class |
A large group of people who rank closely to one another in: Property Power Prestige |
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Causes of Poverty: Culture of Poverty |
One generation passes onto the next survival skills that allows them to survive and even thrive in poverty Most poverty comes about because of dramatic life change such as divorce, loss of job, birth of a child |
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Deferred Gratification |
When people give something up in the present for (hopefully) a gain in the future |
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Poverty Line |
poor people were thought to spend about 1/3 of their income on food alone just to survive Same for everyone across the nation |
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Feminization of property |
a big factor in poverty is family structure a woman makes roughly 70-80 cents to a mans dollar, and this is within the same profession |
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Karl Marx |
Hated capitalism surplus value is a form of domination |
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Max Weber |
We have to look at surplus value what is your relation to means of consumption? |
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What is your relation to the means of production? |
Karl Marx and weber both ask (when trying to find a class) |
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surplus value |
(marx) the difference between the value of the product when it is sold and the value of the elements consumed in the formation of that product (including the workers labor) |
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SES (socio economic status) |
typically consists of measures income occupation education |
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Which is the best predictor? |
education |
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Status inconsistency |
where you rank high on some dimensions of a social class and low on others ex. professional athletes |
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contradictory class locations |
some people are members of more than one class at the same time (poor to rich) (rich to poor) |
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Social Institution |
gender is a process of creating distinguishable social statuses for the assignment of rights and responsibilities |
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stratification system |
ranks these statuses unequally, gender is a major building block int he social structures built on these unequal statuses |
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process |
gender creates the social differences that define "woman" and "man" |
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Hegemonic Masculinity |
to define who you are, you can define who you are not how men in society may define what it is to be a man and how men may dominate or ascend through the ranks of society How we as a society think a man should act and how men push onto other men that means of images of what you need to do if you want to be a "man" acts as a model or template for men to follow in society if they want to be considered "men" or "masculine" |
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"Women are sicker, but men die quicker" |
women will go see a doctor right away when feeling sick men will not. they want to "tough it out" Women tend to be the primary caretakers for sick people, both in the family and in society at large |
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"The Second Shift" |
Women who are employed come home, and take on cooking, cleaning, planning, kids, known as the "second shift" women have less leisure time |
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Emotional Labor |
soothing children, providing encouragement or advice to partners |
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Mental Labor |
planning events and holidays, organizing meals, and ensuring household agreements on the division of household labor |
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Glass Ceiling |
an inequality that is that of the work place and income disparity between men and women (important term when discussing women in the workplace) Women have a tougher time advancing up in the ranks in business and corporate type careers |
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Patriarchy
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male dominance |
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Glass escalator |
social work secretary type work man gets a free ride stand there and climb the ranks, (corporate latter) and look at the woman down at the bottom can get a promotion quicker |
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3 forms of abuse
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physical sexual emotional |
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Physical |
kicking, punching, slapping, weapons |
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Sexual |
demanding sex, using objects during sex when NOT desired, rape, sexual mutilation |
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Emotional |
Name calling, insults about physical appearance, threatening abuse, abusing pets, abusing children |
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Lookism |
getting preferential treatment based on your physical appearance |
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Social Comparison Theory |
this suggests that we compare ourself to our peers, mass media, and other groups to gage ourself in |
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Cultivation Theory |
argues that images that portray women who match sociocultural ideal of beauty are extremely prevalent in popular media |
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Self Schema Theory |
suggests that women use three reference points when thinking of their physical appearance: 1. the social represented ideal body 2. the objective body 3. the internalized ideal body |
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1. the social represented ideal body |
using mass media cues as to what a woman "should look like" |
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2. the objective body |
using HER OWN evaluation and standard of beauty when looking at her physical appearance |
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3. The internalized ideal body |
women may know that the beauty standard is from mass media, and then they STRIVE TO MEET IT |
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Aversive Racism |
contemporary form of prejudice that is less conscious and more INDIRECT people avoid to talk about racism and have anxiety and discomfort |
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Cultural Assimilation |
values, beliefs, dogmas, ideologies, languages, symbols |
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Structural Assimilation |
Become members of the primary groups clubs, organizations, social groups, social clicks, and so on |
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Assimilation |
when people are morphing into one thing |
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Marital Assimilation |
emergence of high rates of intermarriage between migrant and dominant ethnic groups |
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Identification Assimilation |
they no longer see themselves as distinctive, but rather as the dominant/primary group |
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Fallacy |
"mistaken" belief usually based on inaccurate or subjective or unsound argument |
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Individualistic Fallacy |
someone who operates within this fallacy thinks of racism as two types of ppl oversimplifies race-either racist or not racist ignores the fabric of society |
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Legalistic Fallacy |
"based on the law" "based on fact" assumes that abolishing racist laws gets rid of racism |
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Tokeinistic Fallacy |
Assumes that the presence of ppl of color (non whites) in influential positions is evidence of complete eradication of racial obstacles (bc Barak is president, we don't have racism) |
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Ahistorical Fallacy |
ignores the past ppl are living in the here and now it suggests the past does not explain today |
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fixed fallacy |
those who assume that racism is fixed, unchanging over time "racism changes over time, evolves with society" |
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if racism is like a cadillac, every year there is a new model. (t/f) what fallacy is this? |
Fixed fallacy |
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Genetic Hypothesis |
argues that racial groups are genetically different |
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Physical exertion hypothesis |
differing racial groups are not doing the same type of labor |
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Associated disorder hypothesis |
asserts that racial groups are prone to diseases that are only specific to their racial group |
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psychological stress hypothesis |
theorize that racial minority groups are severely frustrated by racial discrimination |
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Diet hypothesis |
racial groups may have dietary patterns |
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Medical Care Hypothesis |
minority groups receive poorer medical care than whites |
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Chronological Age |
has obvious practical significance in everyday life ones age determines right to drive, vote, smoke, drink |
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Psychologically, |
we can decide age or how old we are based not on the actual number, but how we feel |
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Physiologically, |
people are old when their auditory, visual, respiratory, and cognitive capabilities decline significantly |
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Sociological sense, |
society has standards for us at certain ages in our lives "appropriate" age to marry, finish school, start a family, start a career |
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Ageism |
a younger person discriminating against an older person |
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Gerotranscendence |
When ppl grow old, they transcend their limited vicious of life they become less self centered and begin to feel more one with the world |
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Age Cohort |
people born at roughly the same time who pass through the life course together |
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Disengagement theory |
DEADWOODING elderly people need to disengage form society |
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Activity Theory |
the view that satisfaction during old age is related to the persons amount of quality of activity |
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Continuity theory |
focusing on how ppl adjust to retirement by continuing aspects of their earlier lives even when a retired person often finds part time work |
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Thanatology |
the examination of social dimensions of death, dying, and bereavement |
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DANDA |
denial anger negotiate depression acceptance |
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Denial |
ppl can't believe they are going to die don't want to talk about it, must have been a misdiagnosis |
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Anger |
next, accept their death, but are bitter they may say they did nothing to deserve this |
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Negotiate |
the person tries to get around death by making a bargain with a higher power or God |
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Depression |
They have no power to save their life |
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Acceptance |
give final instructions make wills, say goodbyes they express regret in their life |
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Women are more expressive _____ |
emotionally |
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Men are more expressive ___ |
behaviorally |
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Hospice |
a place (or services brought to someones home) for the purpose of giving comfort and dignity to a dying person view dying as a natural event rather than a technical or clinical point of view the person/patient should participate in their own care and control as much as possible the process and nature of their dying a home like environment without scheduled visits, eating times, bathroom and shower breaks the hospice philosophy also talked of true team effort hospices focus on not only the dying person, but also friends and family |
