Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Sociology |
The systematic study of human behavior in social context |
|
|
Functionalism |
A sociological school of though that stresses how much human behavior is governed by social structures that are based on shared values and contribute to social stability. "How do the institutions of society contribute to social stability?" |
|
|
Social Class |
A position people occupy in a hierarchy that is shaped by economic criteria including wealth and income |
|
|
Conflict Theory |
A sociological school of thought that focuses on how large social structures such as relations among classes produce social stability or social change "How do privalleged groups seek to maintain their advantage and subordinate groups seek to increase theirs" |
|
|
Symbolic Interactionism |
A sociological school of thought that examines how various aspects of social life,including fashion, that convey meaning assist communication. "How do individuals communicate to make their social settings meaningful" |
|
|
Feminism |
A sociological school of thought claiming male domination and female subordination are determined not by biological necessity but by structures of power and social convention. |
|
|
Gender |
One's sense of being masculine or feminine |
|
|
Patriarchy |
The system of male domination of women |
|
|
Social Structure |
Stable patterns of social patterns |
|
|
Sociological Imagination |
The quality of mind that enables one to see the connection between personal troubles and social structures |
|
|
Microstructure |
Patterns of social relations formed during face-face interactions Ex.families, cliques |
|
|
Meostructures |
Patterns of social relations in organizations that involve people who are often not intamately acquainted and who often do not interact face-to-face Ex. Colleges, government |
|
|
Macrostructures |
Overarching patterns of social relations that lie outside and above ones circle of intimates and acquaintances Ex. Class, system of patriarchy |
|
|
Global structures |
Patterns of social relations that lie outside and above the national level Ex. Economic relations, worldwide travel |
|
|
Social solidarity |
A property of social groups that increases with the degree to which a groups members share beliefs and value and the frequency and intensity with which they interact |
|
|
Rate |
Number of times something happens in a given time period per 100 000 members of the population |
|
|
Egoistic Suicide |
Suicide that results from the poor integration of people into society because of wealth social ties to others |
|
|
Anomic suicide |
Suicide that occurs when norms governing behavior are vaguely defined |
|
|
Altruistic Suicide |
Suicide that occurs when norms tightly govern a group |
|
|
Dysfunction |
Effects of social structures that create social instability |
|
|
Manifest |
Visible and intended effects of social structures |
|
|
Latent |
Invisible and unintended effects of social structures |
|
|
Class conflict |
The struggle between classes to resist and overcome the opposition of other classes |
|
|
Class consciousness |
Awareness of being a member of social class |
|
|
Protestant ethic |
The sixteenth and seventeenth century belief that religious doubts can be reduced and a state of grace assured if people work diligently and live ascetically |
|
|
Research |
The process of systematically observing reality to asess the validity of a theory |
|
|
Experiment |
A carefully controlled artifical situation that allows researchers to isolate hypothesized causes and measure their effects precisely |
|
|
Randomization |
Assigning individuals to groups by chance |
|
|
Dependent Variable |
The presumed effect in a cause-effect relationship |
|
|
Independent variable |
The assumed cause in a cause-effect relationship |
|
|
Control group |
The group that is not exposed to the independent variable |
|
|
Experimental group |
The group that is exposed to the independent variable |
|
|
Reliability |
The degree to which a measurement procedure yields consistent results |
|
|
Validity |
The degree to which a measure actually measures what is intended to be measured |
|
|
Association |
Relationship between 2 variables if the value of one variable changes with the value of the other |
|
|
Survey |
Research method in which people are asked questions about their knowledge,attitude, ir behavior either face-to-face, telephone interview or the completion of a questionnaire |
|
|
Sample |
The part of the population of interest selected for analysis |
|
|
Population |
The entire group about which the researcher wants to generalize |
|
|
Close-minded relationship |
A type of question that provides the respondent with a set list of permitted answers |
|
|
Open ended questions |
A type of question that allows the respondent to answer in their own words |
|
|
Field Research |
The systematic observation of people in their natural settings |
|
|
Detached observation |
A strategy of field research that involves classifying and counting the behaviour the behavior of the interest according to predetermined schemes |
|
|
Reactivity |
The tendency of people who are observed, to react in the presence of the researcher by concealing certain things or by acting differently to impress them |
|
|
Participant observation |
Research that involves carefully observing people's face to face interaction and participating in their lives, thus achieving deep and sympathetic understanding |
|
|
Postindustrial revolution |
The technology driven shift from manufacturing to service industries and the consequences of the shift virtually to all human activity |
|
|
Globalization |
The process by which formerly separate economies, nation-states and cultures are becoming tied together and people are becoming aware of their growing interdependence with one another |
|
|
Theory |
A conjecture about the way observed facts are related |
