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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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people who act in a defined territory and share a culture
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society
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lenski's term for the changes that occur as a society gains new technology
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sociocultural evolution
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making use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation for food
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hunting and gathering
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the use of hand tools to raise crops
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horticulture
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the domestication of animals
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pastoralism
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large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources
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agriculture
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the production of goods using advanced sources of energy to drive large machinery
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industrialism
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the production of information using computer technology
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postindustrialism
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what type of society developed first in europe 250 years ago
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industrial societies
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what type of industry represents the most recent stage of technological development
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postindustrial society
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the struggle between segments of society over valued resources
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social conflict
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people who own and operate factories and other business in pursuit of profits
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capitalists
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people who sell their labor for wages
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proletarians
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the major spheres of social life, or societal systems, organized to meet human needs
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social institutions
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marx's term for explanations of social problems as the shortcomings of individuals rather than as the flaws of society
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false consciousness
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conflict between entire classes over the distribution of a society's wealth and power
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class conflict
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marx's term for workers' recognition of themselves as a class unified in opposition to capitalists and ultimately to capitalism itself
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class consciousness
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the experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness
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alienation
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an abstract statement of the essential characteristics of any social phenomenon
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ideal type
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values and beliefs passed from generation to generation
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tradition
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the struggle between segments of society over valued resources
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social conflict
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people who own and operate factories and other business in pursuit of profits
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capitalists
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people who sell their labor for wages
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proletarians
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the major spheres of social life, or societal systems, organized to meet human needs
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social institutions
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marx's term for explanations of social problems as the shortcomings of individuals rather than as the flaws of society
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false consciousness
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conflict between entire classes over the distribution of a society's wealth and power
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class conflict
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marx's term for workers' recognition of themselves as a class unified in opposition to capitalists and ultimately to capitalism itself
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class consciousness
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the experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness
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alienation
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an abstract statement of the essential characteristics of any social phenomenon
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ideal type
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values and beliefs passed from generation to generation
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tradition
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a way of thinking that emphasizes deliberate, matter-of-fact calculation of the most efficient way to accomplish a particular task
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rationality
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Weber's term for the historical change from tradition to rationality as the main type of human thought
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rationalization of society
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Durkheim's term for social bonds, based on common sentiments and shared moral values, that are strong among members of preindustrial societies
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mechanical solidarity
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Durkheim's term for a condition in which society provides little moral guidance to individuals
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anomie
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Durkheim's term for social bonds, based on specialization and interdependence, that are strong among members of industrial societies
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organic solidarity
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specialized economic activity
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division of labor
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