Sociology Chapter 1 Flash Cards

Front 1

What perspective reveals the power of society to shape individual lives?

Back 1

the sociological perspective

Front 2

* what we commonly think of as personal choice- whether or not to go to college, how many children we will have, etc.

Back 2

the sociological perspective

Front 3

What does where we live- high income, middle income, low income- shape?

Back 3

the lives we lead

Front 4

why are societies throughout the world so connected?

Back 4

*new technology allowing communication
*immigration from around the world
*trade across national boundries created a global economy

Front 5

research by sociologists play an important role in what?

Back 5

shaping public policy

Front 6

on what type of level does using the sociological perspective help us see the opportunities and limits in our lives and empowers us to be active citizens?

Back 6

on a personal level

Front 7

what happend in the 18th and 19th centuries that made people more aware of their surroundings and helped trigger the development of sociology?

Back 7

rapid social change

Front 8

what moved work from homes to factories, weakening the traditions that had guided community life for centuries

Back 8

the rise of an industrial economy

Front 9

what created many social problems such as crime and homelessness

Back 9

explosive growth of cities

Front 10

what encouraged people to question the structure of society based on ideas of liberty and social rights

Back 10

political change

Front 11

who named sociology in 1838 to describe a new way of looking at society?

Back 11

Auguste Comte

Front 12

what is a way of understanding based on science?
*also what Comte used to understand society

Back 12

positivism

Front 13

countries that experienced the most rapid social change were the countries that experienced this first

Back 13

sociology

Front 14

the systematic study of human society

Back 14

sociology

Front 15

the special point of view of sociology that sees general patterns of society in the lives of particular people

Back 15

sociological perspective

Front 16

the study of the larger world and our society's place in it

Back 16

global perspective

Front 17

nations with the highest overall standard of living

Back 17

high income countries

Front 18

nations with the standard of living about average for the world as a whole

Back 18

middle income countries

Front 19

nations with a low standard of living in which most people are poor

Back 19

low income countries

Front 20

a statement of how and why specific facts are tested

Back 20

theory

Front 21

a basic image of society that guides thinking and research

Back 21

theoretical approach

Front 22

a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability

Back 22

structural-functional approach

Front 23

any relatively stable pattern of social behavior

Back 23

social structure

Front 24

the consequences of any social pattern for the operation of society as a whole

Back 24

social functions

Front 25

the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern

Back 25

manifest functions

Front 26

the unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern

Back 26

latent functions

Front 27

any social pattern that may disrupt the operation of society

Back 27

social dysfunction

Front 28

a framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change

Back 28

social conflict approach

Front 29

a point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict between women and men

Back 29

gender-conflict approach

Front 30

support of social equality for women and men

Back 30

feminism

Front 31

a point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict between people of different racial and ethnic categories

Back 31

race-conflict approach

Front 32

a broad focus on social structures that shape society as a whole

Back 32

macro-level orientation

Front 33

a close up focus on social interaction in specific situations

Back 33

micro-level orientation

Front 34

a framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals

Back 34

symbolic-interaction approach

Front 35

a simplified description applied to every person in some category

Back 35

stereotype

Front 36

what helps us understand the difference between well-grounded generalizations and unfair stereotypes

Back 36

sociology

Front 37

studies how people in everyday interaction, construct reality

Back 37

symbolic-interaction approach