Sociology Chapter 11 Politics And The Economy

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Authority

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Power that people consider legitimate, as you rightly exercised over them - also called legitimate power

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coercion

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Power that people do not accept as rightly exercised over then - also called illegitimate power

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State

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A political entity that claims monopoly on the use of violence in some particular territory - commonly known as a country

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Traditional authority

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Authority based on custom , is the hallmark of tribal groups

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Rational legal authority

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Authority based on law for written rules and regulations, also called bureaucratic authority

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charismatic authority

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Authority based on an individual's outstanding traits, which attracts followers

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routinization of charisma

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The transfer of authority from a charismatic figure to either a traditional or a rational legal form of authority

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City - state

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And independent city whose power radiates outward, bringing the adjacent area under its rule

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Monarchy

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A form of government headed by a king or queen

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Democracy

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A government whose authority comes from the people, the term, based on two Greek words, translates literally "as power to the people"

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Direct democracy

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A form of democracy in which the eligible voters meet together to discuss issues and make their decisions

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Representative democracy

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A form of democracy in which voters elect representatives to meet together to discuss issues and make decisions on their behalf

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Citizenship

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The concept that birth and residents or naturalization any country in packs basic rights

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Universal citizenship

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The idea that everyone have the same basic right by virtue of being born in a country or by emigrating and becoming a naturalized citizen

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Dictatorship

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A form of government in which an individual has seized power

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oligarchy

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A form of government in which a small group of individuals holds power, the rule as many by the few

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totalitarianism

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A form of government that exerts almost total control over people

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Special interest group

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A group of people who support a particular issue and who can be mobilized for political action

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Lobbyists

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People who influence legislation on behalf of their clients

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Political action committee(PAC)

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An organisation formed by one or more special interest groups to solicit and spend funds for the purpose of influencing legislation

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Anarchy

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A condition of lawlessness or political disorder caused by the absence or collapse of government authority

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Pluralism

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The diffusion of power among many interest groups that prevent any single group from gaining control over the government

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Checks and balances

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The separation of powers among the three branches of US government legislative, executive, and judicial - so that each is able to nullify the actions of the other two, thus preventing any single branch from dominating the government

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Power elite

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C. Wright Mills term for the top people in US corporations, military and politics to make the nation's major decisions

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Ruling class

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Another term for the power elite

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War

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Armed conflict between nations or politically distinct groups

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Terrorism

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Do you serve islands or the threat of violence to produce fear in order to attain political adjectives

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subsistence economy

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A type of economy in which human groups live off the land and have little or no surplus

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conspicuous consumption

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Thorstein Veblen's term for a change from the thrift, saving, and investment of the Protestant ethic to showing off while you're spending and the display of position

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Capitalism

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An economic system built around the private ownership of the means of production, the pursuit of profit, and the market competition

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laissez-faire capitalism

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Literally - hand off - capitalism, meaning that government doesn't interfere in the market

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Socialism

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An economic system built around the public ownership of the means of production, central planning, and the distribution of goods without a profit motive

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Market forces

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The law of supply and demand

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Democratic socialism

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A hybrid economic system in which the individual ownership of businesses is mixed with the state ownership of industries that is central to the public welfare, such as the Postal Service, natural resources, and medical delivery system, and mass transportation

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Convergence theory

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If you that as capitalist and socialist economic systems each other features of the other, a hybrid or mixed economic system will emerge

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Global superclass

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The top members of the capitalist class, who, through their worldwide interconnections, make the major decisions that affect the world