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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is sociology
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The scientific study of human and social behavior
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what is another def of sociology
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the systematic study of human society
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What is social
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having to do with the interrelationships between individuals or groups
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What does the essential wisdom of sociology show
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That there is a link between our private experience and the wider society
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What does sociology show about the social world
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Guides our actions and life choices
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what did he describe sociological perspective
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Seeing the general in the particular
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what did this description mean
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Sociology helps us see general social patterns in the behavior of particular individuals or that the categories we belong to affect us since they shape our life experiences
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Who was the first academic sociologist
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Durkheim
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What did he study
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Suicide in relation to sociology
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What did he discover
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Suicide was related to Social integration
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What is global perspective
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The study of larger world and our society’s place in it
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What are the three categories of economic development
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High income, middle income, and low income
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When and where were the origins of sociology
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18th and 19th centuries in Europe
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What were the three social changes that defined sociology
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Industrial revolution urban revolution and political revolutions
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When and where was the industrial revolution
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1760-1775 in England
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What was the industrial revolution
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Movement of jobs to large industries due to invention of steam energy
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What was urban revolution
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People moved to the cities to find work
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What were political revolutions
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Focus shifted from people’s moral duties to self interest
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Who was known as the father of sociology
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Comte
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Why was he known as the father of sociology
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said there should be a separate discipline to study society, developed the word “sociology”, and believed the major goal of sociology should be to understand/ study society as it actually is
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How did comte see sociology
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The product of three stages of historical development
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What was the earliest stage
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Theological stage Metaphysical stage Scientific approach
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What is a theory
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A statement of how and why specific facts are related\
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What is the goal of the sociological theory
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To explain social behavior in the real world
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What are the three theoretical approaches
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Structural functionalism, conflict, and symbolic interaction
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What is the level of analysis is structural functionalism
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Macro
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What does macro mean
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Society as a whole
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What is structural functionalism
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A framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability, a system of interalated parts (Structure) that have functions and the consequences of this functions that maintain the society as a whole
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What is social structure
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Any relatively stable pattern of social behavior
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What are social functions
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The consequences of a social pattern for the operation of society as a whole
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What are manifest functions
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The intended consequences of any social pattern
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What are latent functions
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The unintended consequences of any social pattern
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Who came up with latent and manifest
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Merton
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What is social dysfunction
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Any social pattern that may disrupt the operation of society
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What is the social conflict theory
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A framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change
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What are the two types of the social conflict theory
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Race and gender
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What is the gender conflict approach
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Point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict between women and men
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What is race conflict approach
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Point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict between people of different racial and ethnic categories
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What is macro level orientation
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Broad focus on social structures that shape society as a whole
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What levels of approach are macro
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Structural-functional and social-conflict
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What is micro level orientation
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A close up focus on social interaction in specific situations
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What is the symbolic interaction theory
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A framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals
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What is a symbol
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Anything that can have a deeper meaning that itself
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What is science
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A logical system that develops knowledge from direct systematic observation
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What is the purpose of science
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To describe, explain, and predict
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What is the basis of scientific knowledge
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Empirical evidence
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What is empirical evidence
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Information we verify with our senses
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What are variables
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A concept whose value changes from case to case
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What is a measurement
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A procedure from determining the value of a variable in a specific case
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How do you operationalize a variable
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By stating exactly what they are measuring, defining the variable and create categories
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What is the mean
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The arithmetic average of all measures
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What is the median
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Score at the halfway point in a listing of numbers from lowest to highest
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What is the mode
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The score that occurs most often
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What is reliability
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Degree in which a study can be repeated time after time with the same results
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What is validity
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Degree in which a study measures what it intended to measure
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What is correlation
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A relationship in which two or more variable change together
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What is cause and effect
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A relationship in which change in one variable causes change in another
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What is another name for cause and effect
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Causation
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What is spurious correlation
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No independent variable, all sorts of different variables
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What is the independent variable
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Variable that causes change
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What is the dependent variable
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The variable that is changed
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What are the three steps in establishing correlation
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Variables are correlated, independent variable occurs before the dependent variable and there is no evidence that a third variable has been overlooked causing a spurious correlation
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What is spurious correlation
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When two variable change together but neither one causes the other
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What is objectivity
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Personal neutrality
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Who developed the concept of value free sociology
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Weber
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What is gender
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Personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male, masculinity and femininity to show social status
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What are the five ways gender can affect research
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androcentricity overgeneralizing gender blindness double standards, and interference
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What is population
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What a survey targets
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What is a sample
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Much smaller number of subjects selected tot represent the entire population
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What is a representative sample
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Sample that helps draw conclusions about a large group of people
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What is an experiment
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Research method for measuring cause and effect under highly controlled conditions
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What is hypothesis
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Statement of how two or more variables are related
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What is a survey
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Research method in which subjects respond to a series of statements or questions on a questionnaire or in an interview
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What are the examples of surveying
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Opened and close ended questions
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What is an open ended question
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Respondent has to provide answer in form of narrative
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What is a close ended question
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Respondent answers where choices are provided
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What is participant observation
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Research method in which investigator systematically observe people while joining them in their routine activities
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What are non participant observation
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If observer does not participate in observations
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What are existing sources
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Data collected by others
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What are 3 steps of the sociological research
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What is your topic, what have others already learned, and what exactly are your questions
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